Rainfall and spring discharge patterns in two small drainage catchments in the Western Himalayan mountains, India.
Rainfall and spring discharge patterns in two small drainage catchments in the Western Himalayan mountains, India.
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DOI：
10.1023/b:envr.0000046343.45118.78
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joshi, V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Negi, G. C. S.;Varun Joshi, Varun Joshi;Joshi, V.
降雨与泉水流量关系的研究对了解泉水水文特性和水资源管理具有重要意义。在喜马拉雅山脉，泉水是家庭消费的淡水来源。我们研究了六个不同的补给区的特点，在印度喜马拉雅山脉西部的两个微流域的泉水。根据补给区地质特征，将这些泉分为裂缝/节理（FR/JT）和裂缝/节理/崩积层（FR/JT/科尔）。我们发现降雨量和泉水流量之间有很强的正相关关系。在两个FR/JT/科尔泉中，泉水流量峰值与降雨峰值一致，FR/JT泉的降雨峰值推迟了约一个月。FR/JT/科尔弹簧的年平均流量约为FR/JT弹簧的两倍（每分钟6.47升对3.94升）。但是，在春季补给区，FR/JT泉水每1000升降雨的泉水流量大约是FR/JT/科尔泉水的2.3倍（每分钟49升对21升）。在FR/JT泉中，泉补给区降雨量与泉流量呈弱相关（r=0.174），而在FR/JT/科尔泉中，二者呈强相关（r=0.595）。前一类泉的流量下降是逐渐的，而后一类泉的流量下降是迅速的。因此，就家庭用水的持续供应而言，FR/JT泉水可以被认为是更合适的。春季补给区的土地利用和土地覆被，如适度放牧的牧场，废弃的农业梯田和树木很少，但灌木丛和橡树林茂密的生长被发现有利于春季排放，并可能在该地区的长期水资源保护。
Relationship between rainfall and spring discharge study is important to understand hydrological behaviour of springs and water resources management. In the Himalayan mountains springs are the freshwater sources for household consumption. We studied six springs of different recharge area characteristics in two micro-watersheds in western Himalayan mountains in India. Based on the recharge area geology these springs were divided into fracture/joint (FR/JT) and fracture/joint/colluvium (FR/JT/COLL). We found a strong positive relationship between rainfall and spring discharge. Peak spring discharge coincided with peak rainfall in two FR/JT/COLL springs, which was delayed by about one month in FR/JT springs. Mean annual discharge was about two times greater for FR/JT/COLL springs than the FR/JT springs (6.47 vs. 3.94 liter per minute). But spring discharge per 1000 L of rainfall in spring recharge area for FR/JT springs was about 2.3 times greater than the FR/JT/COLL springs (49 vs. 21 liter per minute). In the FR/JT springs, rainfall in spring recharge area and spring discharge were weakly related (r=0.174), while they were strongly related in FR/JT/COLL springs (r=0.595). In the former category of springs decline in discharge was gradual, while it was rapid in the latter category of springs. Therefore, with regard to sustained supply of water for household consumption FR/JT springs can be considered more suitable. Land use and land cover such as moderately grazed pasture, abandoned agricultural terraces and few trees but dense growth of bushes and oak forest in the spring recharge area were found conducive for spring discharge and may be promoted for long-term water resource conservation in this region.