The Pharus latifolius genome bridges the gap of early grass evolution
The Pharus latifolius genome bridges the gap of early grass evolution
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Pharus latifolius 基因组弥补了早期草类进化的空白
DOI：
10.1093/plcell/koab015
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发表时间：
2021-01-26
期刊：
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Li, De-Zhu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ma, Peng-Fei;Liu, Yun-Long;Li, De-Zhu
禾本科包括所有的商业谷类作物，是各种陆地生态系统生物量的主要贡献者。所有禾草基因组的祖先包括一个共享的全基因组重复（WGD），称为rho (rho) WGD，但rho-WGD的进化意义尚不明确。我们对Pharus latifolius的基因组进行了测序，Pharus latifolius是Pharoideae亚科中的一种草（产生真正的小穗），是核心poideae (Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae， Aristidoideae和Danthonioideae （PACMAD）和Bambusoideae， Oryzoideae和Pooideae （BOP）分支的姐妹谱系。我们的研究结果表明，相对于禾草，松叶草基因组的进化速度较慢，这反映在分子进化速度适中，染色体重排有限，重复基因的基因丢失率较低。我们发现rho-WGD事件发生在大约9820万年前，在Pharoideae和PACMAD和BOP草的共同祖先中。其次是Pharus和核心Poaceae谱系中二倍体分化的对比模式。两种FRIZZY类穗基因的存在，以及MADS-box基因的重复，支持了rho-WGD可能在小穗的起源和功能多样化中发挥作用的假设，而小穗是禾草中与谷物产量直接相关的适应性。该基因组揭示了禾草的起源和早期进化，为谷物的生物学和育种奠定了基础。
The grass family (Poaceae) includes all commercial cereal crops and is a major contributor to biomass in various terrestrial ecosystems. The ancestry of all grass genomes includes a shared whole-genome duplication (WGD), named rho (rho) WGD, but the evolutionary significance of rho-WGD remains elusive. We sequenced the genome of Pharus latifolius, a grass species (producing a true spikelet) in the subfamily Pharoideae, a sister lineage to the core Poaceae including the (Panicoideae, Arundinoideae, Chloridoideae, Micrairoideae, Aristidoideae, and Danthonioideae (PACMAD) and Bambusoideae, Oryzoideae, and Pooideae (BOP) clades. Our results indicate that the P. latifolius genome has evolved slowly relative to cereal grass genomes, as reflected by moderate rates of molecular evolution, limited chromosome rearrangements and a low rate of gene loss for duplicated genes. We show that the rho-WGD event occurred approximately 98.2 million years ago (Ma) in a common ancestor of the Pharoideae and the PACMAD and BOP grasses. This was followed by contrasting patterns of diploidization in the Pharus and core Poaceae lineages. The presence of two FRIZZY PANICLE-like genes in P. latifolius, and duplicated MADS-box genes, support the hypothesis that the rho-WGD may have played a role in the origin and functional diversification of the spikelet, an adaptation in grasses related directly to cereal yields. The P. latifolius genome sheds light on the origin and early evolution of grasses underpinning the biology and breeding of cereals.