Megafaunal communities in rapidly warming fjords along the West Antarctic Peninsula: hotspots of abundance and beta diversity.
Megafaunal communities in rapidly warming fjords along the West Antarctic Peninsula: hotspots of abundance and beta diversity.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0077917
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Smith CR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grange LJ;Smith CR
冰川-海洋峡湾广泛分布在高纬度地区，在北极得到了广泛的研究，那里大量的融水输入和沉积导致内湾-中峡湾的底栖动物丰度和生物多样性较低。亚极地南极对峡湾底栖生态系统的研究仍然很少，包括沿西南极半岛(WAP)的大峡湾。在这里，我们测试了WAP沿线三个亚极地冰海峡湾的北极峡湾的生态系统预测。通过海底摄影调查，我们评估了安得沃德、佛兰德和巴里拉里海湾3个软质沉积盆地436-725米深度的大型底栖动物丰度、群落结构和物种多样性，以及海底底栖动物和大型藻类碎屑的丰度，然后将这些海湾地点与3个类似深度的开放陆架站进行了对比。与北极的预测相反，WAP峡湾盆地表现出的底栖大型动物丰度是开阔陆架的3至38倍，从外到内峡湾盆地的当地物种多样性和营养复杂性仍然很高。此外，WAP峡湾包含不同的物种组成，极大地促进了WAP沿线400-700米深处的贝塔和伽马多样性。与开阔的大陆架相比，WAP峡湾的海底Nekton和大型藻类碎屑的丰度也要高得多。我们得出结论，WAP峡湾是底栖动物丰度和生物多样性的重要热点，这是由于融水影响弱、沉积干扰小和食物投入高而多样的结果。我们推测，WAP峡湾与北极对应的峡湾明显不同，因为它们处于气候变暖的早期阶段，WAP沿线的快速变暖将增加融水和沉积物输入，对这些生物多样性热点产生有害影响。由于WAP峡湾也为南极磷虾和须鲸提供了重要的栖息地和觅食区域，因此迫切需要更好地了解WAP亚极峡湾生态系统的结构、动态和对气候的敏感性。
Glacio-marine fjords occur widely at high latitudes and have been extensively studied in the Arctic, where heavy meltwater inputs and sedimentation yield low benthic faunal abundance and biodiversity in inner-middle fjords. Fjord benthic ecosystems remain poorly studied in the subpolar Antarctic, including those in extensive fjords along the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Here we test ecosystem predictions from Arctic fjords on three subpolar, glacio-marine fjords along the WAP. With seafloor photographic surveys we evaluate benthic megafaunal abundance, community structure, and species diversity, as well as the abundance of demersal nekton and macroalgal detritus, in soft-sediment basins of Andvord, Flandres and Barilari Bays at depths of 436–725 m. We then contrast these fjord sites with three open shelf stations of similar depths. Contrary to Arctic predictions, WAP fjord basins exhibited 3 to 38-fold greater benthic megafaunal abundance than the open shelf, and local species diversity and trophic complexity remained high from outer to inner fjord basins. Furthermore, WAP fjords contained distinct species composition, substantially contributing to beta and gamma diversity at 400–700 m depths along the WAP. The abundance of demersal nekton and macroalgal detritus was also substantially higher in WAP fjords compared to the open shelf. We conclude that WAP fjords are important hotspots of benthic abundance and biodiversity as a consequence of weak meltwater influences, low sedimentation disturbance, and high, varied food inputs. We postulate that WAP fjords differ markedly from their Arctic counterparts because they are in earlier stages of climate warming, and that rapid warming along the WAP will increase meltwater and sediment inputs, deleteriously impacting these biodiversity hotspots. Because WAP fjords also provide important habitat and foraging areas for Antarctic krill and baleen whales, there is an urgent need to develop better understanding of the structure, dynamics and climate-sensitivity of WAP subpolar fjord ecosystems.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
Jones, Daniel O. B.;Bett, Brian J.;Tyler, Paul A.
通讯作者：
Tyler, Paul A.
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.019
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3
作者：
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通讯作者：
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.0462
发表时间：
2010-09-22
影响因子：
4.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
Clark, Malcolm R.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Meredith, MP;King, JC
通讯作者：
King, JC