Immature bovine cartilage wear is due to fatigue failure from repetitive compressive forces and not reciprocating frictional forces.
Immature bovine cartilage wear is due to fatigue failure from repetitive compressive forces and not reciprocating frictional forces.
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未成熟牛软骨磨损是由于重复压缩力而不是往复摩擦力引起的疲劳失效。
DOI：
10.1016/j.joca.2023.08.008
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Ateshian,GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Petersen,CA;Sise,CV;Dewing,JX;Yun,J;Zimmerman,BK;Guo,XE;Hung,CT;Ateshian,GA
目的关节软骨的磨损目前尚不清楚。我们假设软骨磨损是由于重复压缩而不是往复摩擦的疲劳失效。设计本研究比较了两种测试配置中未成熟牛关节软骨与玻璃的往复滑动：（1）固定接触区配置（SCA），其导致往复滑动期间的静态压缩、间质液减压和摩擦系数增加，以及（2）迁移接触区配置（MCA），其在产生往复滑动之外的重复压缩载荷的同时保持加压和低摩擦。将接触压力、滑动持续时间和滑动距离控制在试验组之间相似。结果SCA试验的平均摩擦系数为μ = 0.084 ± 0.032，而MCA试验的平均摩擦系数较低，为μ = 0.020 ± 0.008（p <10 − 4）。尽管摩擦力较低，但MCA软骨样品表现出明显的表面损伤，在磨损测试后（R q = 0.125 ± 0.095 mm），与SCA配置中滑动的软骨样品（R q = 0.044 ± 0.017 mm，p = 0.002）相比，其与拟合平面的平均表面偏差显著更大，SCA配置显示出最小的磨损迹象。偏光显微镜观察证实，MCA样品中关节软骨的表层和中层之间发生分层损伤。结论在摩擦系数最低的组中观察到最大的磨损，经受循环而不是静态压缩，这意味着摩擦不是软骨磨损的主要驱动因素。表层和中间区域之间的分层意味着磨损的主要模式是在循环压缩下的疲劳失效，而不是由于往复摩擦滑动引起的疲劳或磨损。
Objective Wear of articular cartilage is not well understood. We hypothesize that cartilage wears due to fatigue failure in repetitive compression instead of reciprocating friction. Design This study compares reciprocating sliding of immature bovine articular cartilage against glass in two testing configurations:(1) a stationary contact area configuration (SCA), which results in static compression, interstitial fluid depressurization, and increasing friction coefficient during reciprocating sliding, and (2) a migrating contact area configuration (MCA), which maintains pressurization and low friction while producing repetitive compressive loading in addition to reciprocating sliding. Contact pressure, sliding duration, and sliding distance were controlled to be similar between test groups. Results SCA tests exhibited an average friction coefficient of μ= 0.084±0.032, while MCA tests exhibited a lower average friction coefficient of μ= 0.020±0.008 (p< 10− 4). Despite the lower friction, MCA cartilage samples exhibited clear surface damage with a significantly greater average surface deviation from a fitted plane after wear testing (R q= 0.125±0.095 mm) than cartilage samples slid in a SCA configuration (R q= 0.044±0.017 mm, p= 0.002), which showed minimal signs of wear. Polarized light microscopy confirmed that delamination damage occurred between the superficial and middle zones of the articular cartilage in MCA samples. Conclusions The greatest wear was observed in the group with lowest friction coefficient, subjected to cyclical instead of static compression, implying that friction is not the primary driver of cartilage wear. Delamination between superficial and middle zones implies the main mode of wear is fatigue failure under cyclical compression, not fatigue or abrasion due to reciprocating frictional sliding.