Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing.
Analysis of the bread wheat genome using whole-genome shotgun sequencing.
复制标题
使用全基因组shot弹枪测序分析面包小麦基因组。
作者：
面包小麦（Triticum aestivum）是一种全球性的重要粮食作物，占人类总热量的20%。我们使用454焦磷酸测序对其大而具有挑战性的17 Gb六倍体基因组进行了测序，并将其与二倍体祖先和祖先基因组的序列进行了比较。在94，000 - 96，000个基因中，三分之二被分配到A，B和D基因组。高分辨率的同线性图确定了许多保守基因顺序的小破坏。我们发现六倍体基因组是高度动态的，在多倍化和驯化过程中基因家族成员大量丢失，基因片段丰富。参与能量收集、代谢和生长的几类基因属于可能与作物生产力相关的扩展基因家族。我们的分析，加上广泛的遗传变异的鉴定，为加速基因发现和改善这一主要作物提供了新的资源。
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a globally important crop, accounting for 20% of the calories consumed by mankind. We sequenced its large and challenging 17 Gb hexaploid genome using 454 pyrosequencing and compared this with the sequences of diploid ancestral and progenitor genomes. Between 94,000-96,000 genes were identified, and two-thirds were assigned to the A, B and D genomes. High-resolution synteny maps identified many small disruptions to conserved gene order. We show the hexaploid genome is highly dynamic, with significant loss of gene family members upon polyploidization and domestication, and an abundance of gene fragments. Several classes of genes involved in energy harvesting, metabolism and growth are among expanded gene families that could be associated with crop productivity. Our analyses, coupled with the identification of extensive genetic variation, provide a new resource for accelerating gene discovery and improving this major crop.
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