The Dragons of Inaction Psychological Barriers That Limit Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
The Dragons of Inaction Psychological Barriers That Limit Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
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DOI：
10.1037/a0023566
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
16.4
通讯作者：
Gifford, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gifford, Robert
大多数人认为气候变化和可持续性是重要的问题，但从事高温室气体排放行为的全球公民太少了，他们的减排行为足以遏制温室气体和其他环境问题的不断增加。为什么会这样呢？结构性障碍，如厌恶气候的基础设施，是答案的一部分，但心理障碍也阻碍了有助于缓解、适应和环境可持续发展的行为选择。虽然许多人正在采取一些改善措施，但大多数人可以做得更多，但他们受到七类心理障碍的阻碍，即“不作为之龙”：对问题的有限认识、倾向于排除亲环境态度和行为的意识形态世界观、与关键其他人的比较、沉没成本和行为动力、对专家和权威的分歧、对变化的感知风险，以及积极但不充分的行为改变。必须尽可能消除结构性障碍，但这不太可能是足够的。心理学家必须与其他科学家、技术专家和政策制定者合作，帮助公民克服这些心理障碍。
Most people think climate change and sustainability are important problems, but too few global citizens engaged in high-greenhouse-gas-emitting behavior are engaged in enough mitigating behavior to stem the increasing flow of greenhouse gases and other environmental problems. Why is that? Structural barriers such as a climate-averse infrastructure are part of the answer, but psychological barriers also impede behavioral choices that would facilitate mitigation, adaptation, and environmental sustainability. Although many individuals are engaged in some ameliorative action, most could do more, but they are hindered by seven categories of psychological barriers, or "dragons of inaction": limited cognition about the problem, ideological worldviews that tend to preclude pro-environmental attitudes and behavior, comparisons with key other people, sunk costs and behavioral momentum, discredence toward experts and authorities, perceived risks of change, and positive but inadequate behavior change. Structural barriers must be removed wherever possible, but this is unlikely to be sufficient. Psychologists must work with other scientists, technical experts, and policymakers to help citizens overcome these psychological barriers.