Germinal Zones in the Developing Cerebral Cortex of Ferret: Ontogeny, Cell Cycle Kinetics, and Diversity of Progenitors
Germinal Zones in the Developing Cerebral Cortex of Ferret: Ontogeny, Cell Cycle Kinetics, and Diversity of Progenitors
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DOI：
10.1093/cercor/bhr284
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发表时间：
2012-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Borrell, Victor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reillo, Isabel;Borrell, Victor
大脑皮层的扩张和折叠是哺乳动物大脑进化的标志性特征。这在胚胎发育过程中被重演，并且被称为中间放射状胶质细胞（IRGC）的特化祖细胞群被认为发挥核心作用。由于发育机制涉及皮质扩张和折叠可能是保守的整个发育，这是至关重要的，以确定特定的功能，脑回畸形的灵长类动物的大脑发育。在这里，我们研究了雪貂，脑回的食肉动物，与灵长类动物相比，皮层发育的多个功能。分析转录因子，细胞骨架蛋白和细胞周期参数的组合表达，我们确定了一个组合的特征，区分在雪貂类似的germinal层在灵长类动物。转录因子分析表明，雪貂的脑室下内区（ISVZ）和脑室下外区（OSVZ）可能含有相同的祖细胞亚群的混合物。然而，我们发现，这些层出现在不同的时间点，不同的IRGC丰度，和祖细胞有不同的细胞周期动力学和自我更新动力学。因此，ISVZ和OSVZ可能通过调节祖细胞行为和动力学的遗传差异来区分。我们的研究结果表明，一些，但不是全部，灵长类动物的皮质发育的特征是由雪貂共享，这表明在脑回畸形的进化出现保守的作用。
Expansion and folding of the cerebral cortex are landmark features of mammalian brain evolution. This is recapitulated during embryonic development, and specialized progenitor cell populations known as intermediate radial glia cells (IRGCs) are believed to play central roles. Because developmental mechanisms involved in cortical expansion and folding are likely conserved across phylogeny, it is crucial to identify features specific for gyrencephaly from those unique to primate brain development. Here, we studied multiple features of cortical development in ferret, a gyrencephalic carnivore, in comparison with primates. Analyzing the combinatorial expression of transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins, and cell cycle parameters, we identified a combination of traits that distinguish in ferret similar germinal layers as in primates. Transcription factor analysis indicated that inner subventricular zone (ISVZ) and outer subventricular zone (OSVZ) may contain an identical mixture of progenitor cell subpopulations in ferret. However, we found that these layers emerge at different time points, differ in IRGC abundance, and progenitors have different cell cycle kinetics and self-renewal dynamics. Thus, ISVZ and OSVZ are likely distinguished by genetic differences regulating progenitor cell behavior and dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that some, but not all, features of primate cortical development are shared by the ferret, suggesting a conserved role in the evolutionary emergence of gyrencephaly.