Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Breastfeeding and maternal health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1111/apa.13102
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martines J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chowdhury R;Sinha B;Sankar MJ;Taneja S;Bhandari N;Rollins N;Bahl R;Martines J
评价母乳喂养对长期（乳腺癌、卵巢癌、骨质疏松症和2型糖尿病）和短期（哺乳期闭经、产后抑郁症、产后体重变化）孕产妇健康结局的影响。在PubMed、科克伦图书馆和CABI数据库中进行了系统性文献检索。结果估计的比值比或相对风险或标准化的平均差异进行了汇总。在异质性的情况下，亚组分析和荟萃回归进行了探讨。母乳喂养>12个月与乳腺癌和卵巢癌风险分别降低26%和37%相关。母乳喂养与骨密度之间没有确切的联系，但母乳喂养可降低32%的2型糖尿病风险。纯母乳喂养和主要母乳喂养与闭经持续时间较长相关。母乳喂养时间越短，产后抑郁症的风险越高。没有证据表明母乳喂养与产后体重变化有关。这篇综述支持了母乳喂养对乳腺癌和卵巢癌具有保护作用的假设，并且纯母乳喂养和主要母乳喂养增加了哺乳期闭经的持续时间。有证据表明，母乳喂养可以降低2型糖尿病的风险。然而，母乳喂养与骨密度或母亲抑郁或产后体重变化之间的关联并不明显。
To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on long-term (breast carcinoma, ovarian carcinoma, osteoporosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and short-term (lactational amenorrhoea, postpartum depression, postpartum weight change) maternal health outcomes. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and CABI databases. Outcome estimates of odds ratios or relative risks or standardised mean differences were pooled. In cases of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis and meta-regression were explored. Breastfeeding >12 months was associated with reduced risk of breast and ovarian carcinoma by 26% and 37%, respectively. No conclusive evidence of an association between breastfeeding and bone mineral density was found. Breastfeeding was associated with 32% lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Exclusive breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding were associated with longer duration of amenorrhoea. Shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with higher risk of postpartum depression. Evidence suggesting an association of breastfeeding with postpartum weight change was lacking. This review supports the hypothesis that breastfeeding is protective against breast and ovarian carcinoma, and exclusive breastfeeding and predominant breastfeeding increase the duration of lactational amenorrhoea. There is evidence that breastfeeding reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes. However, an association between breastfeeding and bone mineral density or maternal depression or postpartum weight change was not evident.