Monarch butterfly migration and parasite transmission in eastern North America
Monarch butterfly migration and parasite transmission in eastern North America
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DOI：
10.1890/10-0489.1
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发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Altizer, Sonia M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartel, Rebecca A.;Oberhauser, Karen S.;Altizer, Sonia M.
季节性迁徙发生在许多动物系统中，并且可能影响动物及其寄生虫之间的相互作用。在这里，我们专注于帝王蝶（Danaus plexippus）和原生动物寄生虫（Ophryocystis elektroscirrha），探讨宿主迁移如何影响传染病的过程。以前的工作表明，寄生虫的流行率在迁徙的君主种群中低于非迁徙的君主种群;对这种模式的两种解释是：（1）迁徙使动物能够定期逃离受污染的栖息地（即，迁移逃逸），和（2）长距离迁移清除受感染的动物（即，迁移剔除）。我们结合实地采样和分析公民科学数据，研究寄生虫流行的时空趋势，并评估这两种机制的证据。在北美东部的繁殖季节内的变化分析表明，寄生虫的患病率增加，从早到晚的繁殖季节，符合迁移逃逸的假设。流行率也呈正相关的君主繁殖活动，幼虫密度的指数。在不同点捕获的成年帝王蝶沿着东海岸秋季迁徙飞行路线，寄生虫的患病率下降，帝王蝶向南进展，符合迁移淘汰的假设。寄生虫感染率也较低的帝王蝶在两个越冬地点在墨西哥比帝王蝶在夏季繁殖期间采样。总的来说，这些结果表明，季节性迁移可以影响寄生虫在野生动物种群中的传播，并对预测受威胁迁移物种的疾病风险产生影响。
Seasonal migration occurs in many animal systems and is likely to influence interactions between animals and their parasites. Here, we focus on monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) and a protozoan parasite (Ophryocystis elektroscirrha) to investigate how host migration affects infectious disease processes. Previous work showed that parasite prevalence was lower among migratory than nonmigratory monarch populations; two explanations for this pattern are that (1) migration allows animals to periodically escape contaminated habitats (i.e., migratory escape), and (2) long-distance migration weeds out infected animals (i.e., migratory culling). We combined field-sampling and analysis of citizen science data to examine spatiotemporal trends of parasite prevalence and evaluate evidence for these two mechanisms. Analysis of within-breeding-season variation in eastern North America showed that parasite prevalence increased from early to late in the breeding season, consistent with the hypothesis of migratory escape. Prevalence was also positively related to monarch breeding activity, as indexed by larval density. Among adult monarchs captured at different points along the east coast fall migratory flyway, parasite prevalence declined as monarchs progressed southward, consistent with the hypothesis of migratory culling. Parasite prevalence was also lower among monarchs sampled at two overwintering sites in Mexico than among monarchs sampled during the summer breeding period. Collectively, these results indicate that seasonal migration can affect parasite transmission in wild animal populations, with implications for predicting disease risks for species with threatened migrations.