Gender differences in the behavioral responses to cocaine and amphetamine - Implications for mechanisms mediating gender differences in drug abuse
Gender differences in the behavioral responses to cocaine and amphetamine - Implications for mechanisms mediating gender differences in drug abuse
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03564.x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hummer, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Becker, JB;Molenda, H;Hummer, DL
当切除卵巢的雌性大鼠接受雌激素时，对精神运动兴奋剂安非他明或可卡因的反应增强。动情周期依赖性的差异，安非他明刺激的行为和纹状体释放多巴胺也被注意到。完整的雌性大鼠在发情期对安非他命的反应比在月经周期的其他日子要强烈。卵巢切除术导致安非他明诱导的行为和纹状体多巴胺对安非他明的反应减弱。给去卵巢大鼠生理剂量的雌激素使这两种反应恢复到与发情雌性相当的水平。此外，性别差异也被注意到，女性倾向于对精神运动兴奋剂表现出更大的行为反应，而雌激素增强了这种性别差异。反复服用安非他明或可卡因会在随后的药物治疗中使行为反应性逐渐增加，这一过程被称为致敏。在啮齿类动物中，行为敏化导致精神运动行为的频率和持续时间增加，如旋转行为、刻板打扮、头饰和前肢运动。有趣的是，女性对精神运动兴奋剂的反应比男性更敏感。本文总结了以往的研究成果，并提出了新的研究结果，表明雌激素选择性地增强了雌性大鼠表现出致敏性的行为成分。结果还表明，敏感化的性别差异不依赖于性腺激素，这表明接受敏感化的神经系统是两性二态的。
When ovariectomized female rats receive estrogen, the response to the psychomotor stimulants amphetamine or cocaine is enhanced. Estrous cycle-dependent differences in amphetamine-stimulated behaviors and striatal dopamine release are also noted. Intact female rats exhibit a greater behavioral response to amphetamine on estrus than they do on other days of the cycle. Ovariectomy results in attenuation of amphetamine-induced behavior and the striatal dopamine response to amphetamine. Physiological doses of estrogen given to ovariectomized rats reinstate both of these responses to a level comparable to that in estrous females. Furthermore, a sex difference is noted, in that females tend to exhibit a greater behavioral response to the psychomotor stimulants, and estrogen enhances this sex difference. Repeated treatment with amphetamine or cocaine produces a progressive increase in behavioral responsiveness with subsequent drug administration, a process known as sensitization. In rodents, behavioral sensitization results in increases in both frequency and duration of psychomotor behaviors such as rotational behavior, stereotyped grooming, headbobs, and forelimb movements. Interestingly, females display greater sensitization of behaviors in response to psychomotor stimulants than do males. Previous research results are summarized, and new results are presented, demonstrating that estrogen selectively enhances components of behavior that exhibit sensitization in female rats. Results also indicate gender differences in sensitization independent of gonadal hormones, suggesting that the neural systems that undergo sensitization are sexually dimorphic.