Experimental characterization and crystal plasticity modeling for predicting load reversals in AA6016-T4 and AA7021-T79

Experimental characterization and crystal plasticity modeling for predicting load reversals in AA6016-T4 and AA7021-T79
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用于预测 AA6016-T4 和 AA7021-T79 中负载反转的实验表征和晶体塑性建模

DOI:
10.1016/j.ijplas.2022.103292
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
9.8
通讯作者:
Knezevic, Marko
Knezevic, Marko
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Daroju, Sowmya;Kuwabara, Toshihiko;Sharma, Rishabh;Fullwood, David T.;Miles, Michael P.;Knezevic, Marko

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微观结构水平的现象,如位错结构的发展和湮灭,以及晶粒间和晶粒内的背应力场,在金属合金的反向加载行为的详细贡献仍然是一个活跃的研究和辩论的领域。预测卸载非线性、Bauschinger效应(BE)和反向加载过程中硬化率变化的能力对于精确建模涉及应变路径变化的成形操作中的变形和回弹是必要的。本文应用最近开发的弹塑性自洽(EPSC)晶体塑性模型来预测和解释两种商业敏感铝合金(AA):6016-T4和7021-T79的反向加载。模型校准和验证,使广泛的实验活动的循环加载施加到两种合金。实验数据包括硬化率在单调拉伸,线性然后非线性卸载,BE,和硬化率的变化,在反向加载,诱导永久软化。通过考虑各向异性弹性、位错密度硬化、晶内滑移系统级背应力场和晶间应力场,该模型预测并量化了不同微观尺度现象对所观察到的行为的贡献。该模型捕捉两种合金的对比特性,特别是不同的永久软化和再加载屈服应力的能力,证明了它的能力,以占结晶滑移的相互依赖的性质和硬化源的变形历史依赖的位错密度演变和背应力场。实验和模拟结果的比较表明,卸载行为主要是由背应力驱动,BE是由背应力和晶间应力,和加载反向时的硬化率主要由位错密度的应变路径敏感的演变控制。
The detailed contribution of microstructural-level phenomena, such as dislocation structure development and annihilation, as well as inter-granular and intra-granular backstress fields, to reverse loading behavior in metal alloys remains an area of active research and debate. The ability to predict unloading nonlinearities, the Bauschinger effect (BE), and changes in hardening rates during reverse loading is necessary for accurate modeling of deformation and springback in forming operations that involve strain path changes. This paper applies a recently developed elasto-plastic self-consistent (EPSC) crystal plasticity model to predict and interpret reverse loading in two commercially sensitive aluminum alloys (AA): 6016-T4 and 7021-T79. Model calibration and verification was enabled by an extensive experimental campaign of cyclic loading applied to the two alloys. The experimental data included hardening rates during monotonic tension, linear followed by non-linear unloading, the BE, and hardening rate changes during reverse loading that induce permanent softening. By considering anisotropic elasticity, dislocation density-based hardening, intra-granular slip system-level backstress fields, and inter-granular stress fields, the model predicted and quantified the contribution of different micro-scale phenomena to the observed behavior. The ability of the model to capture contrasting characteristics of the two alloys, particularly the distinct permanent softening and reloading yield stresses, demonstrated its ability to account for the co-dependent nature of crystallographic glide and the sources of hardening originating from the deformation history-dependent dislocation density evolution and backstress fields. Comparison of the experimental and modeling results revealed that the unloading behavior is primarily driven by backstress, the BE is governed by backstress and inter-granular stresses, and the hardening rates upon load reversals are controlled primarily by the strain-path sensitive evolution of dislocation density.
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