BEHAVIORAL MARKERS AND RECOGNIZABILITY OF THE SMILE OF ENJOYMENT
BEHAVIORAL MARKERS AND RECOGNIZABILITY OF THE SMILE OF ENJOYMENT
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.64.1.83
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发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
FRIESEN, WV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FRANK, MG;EKMAN, P;FRIESEN, WV
埃克曼和弗里森（1982）预测，表达快乐的微笑会比非快乐微笑的表情动作更流畅，持续时间更长。研究1测量了女性受试者在独自一人和社会交往中对积极情感电影的反应中所表现出的微笑的持续时间和平滑度。在这两种情况下，享受微笑的持续时间更一致，比非享受微笑更平滑。在研究2中，观察者看到录像带的享受和非享受的微笑能够准确地识别享受微笑率大于机会，而且，准确性呈正相关的眼轮匝肌行动的显着性增加。在研究3中，另一组观察者被要求记录他们对研究2中微笑女性的印象。这些女性被认为是更积极的，当他们表现出享受相比，非享受微笑。这些结果提供了进一步的证据表明，享受微笑的实体不同于一般的微笑。
Ekman and Friesen (1982) predicted that smiles that express enjoyment would be marked by smoother zygomatic major actions of more consistent duration than the zygomatic major actions of nonenjoyment smiles. Study 1 measured the duration and smoothness of smiles shown by female subjects in response to positive emotion films while alone and in a social interaction. Enjoyment smiles in both situations were of more consistent duration and smoother than nonenjoyment smiles. In Study 2 observers who were shown videotapes of enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles were able to accurately identify enjoyment smiles at rates greater than chance; moreover, accuracy was positively related to increased salience of orbicularis oculi action. In Study 3, another group of observers were asked to record their impressions of the smiling women shown in Study 2. These women were seen as more positive when they showed enjoyment compared with nonenjoyment smiles. These results provide further evidence that enjoyment smiles are entities distinct from smiles in general.