Pandemic precarity: COVID-19 is exposing and exacerbating inequalities in the American heartland.
Pandemic precarity: COVID-19 is exposing and exacerbating inequalities in the American heartland.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.2020685118
复制
发表时间：
2021-02-23
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Pescosolido BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perry BL;Aronson B;Pescosolido BA
2008年的大衰退扩大了年轻人、有色人种和没有大学学位的人之间的社会经济不平等。COVID-19大流行再次引发了对不平等的担忧。利用从人口代表性样本的印第安纳州居民的事前事后数据，我们研究就业和食品，住房和金融不安全。比较COVID-19到达该州之前和最初的居家令期间的数据，我们发现社会经济冲击对弱势群体的影响不成比例，控制了大流行前的状态。研究结果与其他灾难后观察到的不平等模式一致，包括卡特里娜飓风、芝加哥热浪、布法罗河洪水和大衰退。与这些灾害一样，额外的激增可能会加剧短期困难，揭示社会破坏的轴心，转化为持久的不平等。危机暴露了社会的社会断层。在美国，种族、性别、年龄和教育影响了对COVID-19感染的脆弱性。然而，其后果可能远远超出发病率和死亡率。暂时关闭经济在社区中产生了冲击波，增加了先前存在和当前存在的社会不平等削弱经济弹性和加剧不利地位的可能性，特别是在受大衰退影响最严重的群体中。我们在印第安纳州解决大流行的不稳定性，或物质和金融不安全的风险，那里的制造业损失很高，大都市地区是全国大衰退中受打击最严重的地区之一，健康指标处于最低的五分之一。我们使用2019-2020年和印第安纳州首次居家令期间进行的人与人健康访谈研究的纵向数据（n = 994），对大流行的不利经济后果进行了具有代表性的基于概率的评估。调查加权多元回归，控制预先存在的不平等，发现黑人成年人报告粮食不安全，被解雇或失业的可能性是白人的3倍。没有大学学位的居民报告粮食不安全的可能性是一些大学的两倍，而那些没有完成高中学业的人（与学士学位相比）这样做的可能性是4倍。年轻的成年人和妇女也更有可能报告经济困难。总之，这些结果支持了马太效应的论点，即大流行的不稳定性不成比例地影响了历史上的弱势群体，扩大了不平等。需要从战略上部署救灾工作和进行长期政策改革，以应对灾害的长期和不平等影响。
The 2008 Great Recession widened socioeconomic inequities among young adults, people of color, and those without a college degree. The COVID-19 pandemic raises renewed concerns about inequality. Leveraging pre–post data from a population-representative sample of Indiana residents, we examine employment and food, housing, and financial insecurity. Comparing data before COVID-19 reached the state and during the initial stay-at-home orders, we find socioeconomic shocks disproportionately affecting vulnerable groups, controlling for prepandemic status. Findings are consistent with patterns of inequality observed following other disasters, including Hurricane Katrina, the Chicago Heatwave, the Buffalo Creek Flood, and the Great Recession. As with these disasters, additional surges are likely to escalate short-term hardships, revealing the axes of social devastation that translate into durable inequality. Crises lay bare the social fault lines of society. In the United States, race, gender, age, and education have affected vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. Yet, consequences likely extend far beyond morbidity and mortality. Temporarily closing the economy sent shock waves through communities, raising the possibility that social inequities, preexisting and current, have weakened economic resiliency and reinforced disadvantage, especially among groups most devastated by the Great Recession. We address pandemic precarity, or risk for material and financial insecurity, in Indiana, where manufacturing loss is high, metro areas ranked among the hardest hit by the Great Recession nationally, and health indicators stand in the bottom quintile. Using longitudinal data (n = 994) from the Person to Person Health Interview Study, fielded in 2019–2020 and again during Indiana’s initial stay-at-home order, we provide a representative, probability-based assessment of adverse economic outcomes of the pandemic. Survey-weighted multivariate regressions, controlling for preexisting inequality, find Black adults over 3 times as likely as Whites to report food insecurity, being laid off, or being unemployed. Residents without a college degree are twice as likely to report food insecurity (compared to some college), while those not completing high school (compared to bachelor’s degree) are 4 times as likely to do so. Younger adults and women were also more likely to report economic hardships. Together, the results support contentions of a Matthew Effect, where pandemic precarity disproportionately affects historically disadvantaged groups, widening inequality. Strategically deployed relief efforts and longer-term policy reforms are needed to challenge the perennial and unequal impact of disasters.
登录
查看更多内容
DOI：
10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3
发表时间：
2020-04-17
期刊：
MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report
影响因子：
--
作者：
Garg S;Kim L;Whitaker M;O'Halloran A;Cummings C;Holstein R;Prill M;Chai SJ;Kirley PD;Alden NB;Kawasaki B;Yousey-Hindes K;Niccolai L;Anderson EJ;Openo KP;Weigel A;Monroe ML;Ryan P;Henderson J;Kim S;Como-Sabetti K;Lynfield R;Sosin D;Torres S;Muse A;Bennett NM;Billing L;Sutton M;West N;Schaffner W;Talbot HK;Aquino C;George A;Budd A;Brammer L;Langley G;Hall AJ;Fry A
通讯作者：
Fry A
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112204
发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
ANNUAL REVIEW OF SOCIOLOGY, VOL 41
影响因子：
--
作者：
Burgard, Sarah A.;Kalousova, Lucie
通讯作者：
Kalousova, Lucie
影响因子：
2
作者：
Konig, Stefanie;Lindwall, Magnus;Johansson, Boo
通讯作者：
Johansson, Boo
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
Doerrenberg, Philipp;Peichl, Andreas
通讯作者：
Peichl, Andreas
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Jappelli, Tullio;Padula, Mario
通讯作者：
Padula, Mario