Food for thought... on animal tests.
Food for thought... on animal tests.
复制标题
值得深思的……动物试验。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Hartung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Hartung
本系列的第四篇文章讨论了所有替代方法工作的目标，即动物测试。在这里说一些新的东西并不容易，因为长期以来反活体解剖主义者已经收集了许多论据。令人惊讶的是，从科学文献（MedLine）中检索到的相关评论很少。我希望这并不表明科学界对讨论生命科学这一基本工具的固有问题不感兴趣。与其他方法相比，动物模型有优点和缺点。在少数情况下，它们代表了唯一合理的方法。日益现代化的方法允许根据欧洲立法的要求，减少、改进和替代（3R 原则）动物实验。本文总结了动物模型的典型局限性。然而，这并不意味着每一个限制都适用于所有动物模型，或者它们的替代品具有较少的限制，进一步的解释请参见（Hartung，2007b）。有必要对正在使用的模型进行详细评估，以得出结论并以基于证据的方式做出决策。只有对研究中使用的任何工具的性能特征进行彻底评估，才能解释结果并正确补充所采用的方法。公众对总体动物福利的关注日益增长（例如，2005 年 6 月发布的关于“社会价值观、科学和技术”的欧洲晴雨表，其中超过五分之四的欧盟公民表示，共同体有责任不惜一切代价保护动物权利）。欧盟承认在国际层面上保护用于科学目的的动物和福利的重要性，并于 1999 年成为欧洲委员会保护用于实验和其他科学目的的脊椎动物物种公约 ETS 123（理事会决定 1999/575/EC）的缔约方。
The fourth article in this series addresses the target of all work on alternative methods, the animal test. It is not easy to say something new here, since anti-vivisectionists have collected many arguments over a long time. Surprisingly, there are few relevant reviews retrievable from the scientific literature (MedLine). I hope this does not indicate that the scientific community is less interested to discuss the inherent problems of this fundamental tool in the life sciences. Animal models have advantages and disadvantages compared to other approaches. In few instances they represent the only reasonable approach. Increasingly modern methods allow reducing, refining and replacing (3R principle) animal experiments, as required wherever possible by European legislation. This article summarises typical limitations of animal models. However, this does not mean that each and every limitation holds true for all animal models or that their alternatives bear fewer limitations, for further explanation see (Hartung, 2007b). A detailed assessment of the models that are in use is necessary to draw conclusions and make decisions in an evidence-based manner. Only the thorough assessment of the performance characteristics of any tool used in research allows interpreting results and properly complementing the method employed. There is growing public concern regarding the welfare of animals in general (e.g. Eurobarometer on “Social values, Science and Technology” published in June 2005, where more than four in five EU citizens stated that the Community has a duty to protect animal rights regardless of the cost). The EU acknowledged the importance of the protection and welfare of animals used for scientific purposes on an international level, and in 1999 became party to the Council of Europe Convention on the protection of vertebrate species used for experimental and other scientific purposes, ETS 123 (Council Decision 1999/ 575/EC).