Realist methods in medical education research: what are they and what can they contribute?
Realist methods in medical education research: what are they and what can they contribute?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04045.x
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Pawson, Ray
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wong, Geoff;Greenhalgh, Trisha;Pawson, Ray
教育是一种复杂的干预措施，在不同的情况下会产生不同的结果。教育研究人员早就认识到，需要用更广泛的研究设计来补充功效的实验研究，这将有助于解开“如何”和“为什么”的问题，并阐明干预措施可能起作用的多种多样和相互依赖的机制。方法一种有前途的方法是现实主义评估，它试图确定什么有效，对谁有效，在什么情况下，在什么方面，到什么程度，为什么。本文介绍了现实主义方法，并解释了为什么它特别适合教育研究。它给出了一个简单的介绍，以现实主义的方法基础的哲学假设，并概述了现实主义的评价（专为实证研究）和现实主义的审查（应用现实主义的方法，以二级research）的关键原则。
CONTEXT Education is a complex intervention which produces different outcomes in different circumstances. Education researchers have long recognised the need to supplement experimental studies of efficacy with a broader range of study designs that will help to unpack the 'how' and 'why' questions and illuminate the many, varied and interdependent mechanisms by which interventions may work (or fail to work) in different contexts.METHODS One promising approach is realist evaluation, which seeks to establish what works, for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects, to what extent, and why. This paper introduces the realist approach and explains why it is particularly suited to education research. It gives a brief introduction to the philosophical assumptions underlying realist methods and outlines key principles of realist evaluation (designed for empirical studies) and realist review (the application of realist methods to secondary research).DISCUSSION The paper warns that realist approaches are not a panacea and lists the circumstances in which they are likely to be particularly useful.