Hydrodynamics of soft active matter
Hydrodynamics of soft active matter
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.85.1143
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发表时间：
2013-07-19
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Simha, R. Aditi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marchetti, M. C.;Joanny, J. F.;Simha, R. Aditi
本文综述了活性物质领域的理论进展，并将其置于最近的实验背景下。这种方法提供了一个统一的框架的机械和统计特性的活物质：生物丝和分子马达在体外或体内，收集能动的微生物，动物群，化学或机械的模仿。这篇评论的一个主要目标是整合文献中提出的几种方法，从半显微到现象学。特别是，首先考虑的是“干”系统，定义为那些动量不守恒，由于与基板或嵌入多孔介质的摩擦。两种类型的取向有序状态，极性和极性之间的差异和相似之处，澄清。接下来，讨论了悬浮液或“湿”系统的主动流体力学，并强调了与干情况的联系和区别，以及这些物质非平衡态的各种大规模不稳定性。进一步强调的是这些物质非平衡态的各种大尺度不稳定性。各种半微观推导的连续理论进行了讨论和连接，突出统一和通用的连续模型的性质。在整个审查中，这些理论的实验相关性描述细菌群和悬浮液，活细胞的细胞骨架，和振动颗粒材料进行了讨论。有前途的扩展更大的现实主义在特定的背景下，从细胞生物学动物行为的建议，并给出一些异国情调的活性物质类似物的评论。最后，展望活性物质的定量理解，通过相互作用的详细理论与控制实验的简化系统，与生活或人工成分，进行了总结。
This review summarizes theoretical progress in the field of active matter, placing it in the context of recent experiments. This approach offers a unified framework for the mechanical and statistical properties of living matter: biofilaments and molecular motors in vitro or in vivo, collections of motile microorganisms, animal flocks, and chemical or mechanical imitations. A major goal of this review is to integrate several approaches proposed in the literature, from semimicroscopic to phenomenological. In particular, first considered are "dry" systems, defined as those where momentum is not conserved due to friction with a substrate or an embedding porous medium. The differences and similarities between two types of orientationally ordered states, the nematic and the polar, are clarified. Next, the active hydrodynamics of suspensions or "wet" systems is discussed and the relation with and difference from the dry case, as well as various large-scale instabilities of these nonequilibrium states of matter, are highlighted. Further highlighted are various large-scale instabilities of these nonequilibrium states of matter. Various semimicroscopic derivations of the continuum theory are discussed and connected, highlighting the unifying and generic nature of the continuum model. Throughout the review, the experimental relevance of these theories for describing bacterial swarms and suspensions, the cytoskeleton of living cells, and vibrated granular material is discussed. Promising extensions toward greater realism in specific contexts from cell biology to animal behavior are suggested, and remarks are given on some exotic active-matter analogs. Last, the outlook for a quantitative understanding of active matter, through the interplay of detailed theory with controlled experiments on simplified systems, with living or artificial constituents, is summarized.