Interaction of eye-, head-, and trunk-bound information in spatial perception and control
Interaction of eye-, head-, and trunk-bound information in spatial perception and control
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DOI：
10.1016/s0957-4271(97)00027-x
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发表时间：
1997-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mittelstaedt, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mittelstaedt, H
本文回顾了作者在相关感觉器官的载体相互独立地移动和控制的情况下对空间关系的知觉和控制的研究。在蜻蜓中，头部的旋转由头部的惯性以及颈髓、视动和背部的光反射控制，反过来，通过翅膀上的颈部反射来控制躯干的旋转。在人类中，眼睛对头部旋转下头部参照视觉方向的不变性是通过传出副本的前馈实现的。在鸽子中，头部到躯干旋转时对躯干倾斜的反应在飞行中是通过颈部受体产生的头部到躯干信息的前馈来实现的。但在站立或行走时，这是通过躯干中的重力感觉器官完成的。通过在雪橇离心机上的实验，这些器官也被证明存在于人类的躯干中。从截瘫和神经切除受试者的测试中得出结论，躯干重力感觉1)不受腿部、皮肤和椎骨之间机械感受器的影响，但2)至少受到两种传入输入的影响，一种来自肾脏，另一种来自支持大血管的组织，以对抗重力负荷。这些结论分别通过双侧肾切除受试者的实验和腿部正气压的方法得到证实。最近对整个下半身施加正负气压的结果表明，还有另一种躯体感觉来源，例如，利用血压的流体静力学或腹部内脏质量的惯性的来源。(C)1997年爱思唯尔科学公司。
This article reviews the author's investigations on the perception and control of spatial relations if the carriers of the relevant sense organs are mobile and controlled independently of each other. In the dragonfly, head rotation is controlled by the head's inertia, as well as by cervicocollic, optokinetic, and dorsal light reflexes and, in turn, controls trunk rotation by means of neck reflexes on the wings. In humans, invariance of head-referenced visual direction under eye-to-head rotation is attained by feedforward of an efference copy. In the pigeon, invariance of responses to trunk tilt under head-to-trunk rotation is, in flight, achieved by feedforward of head-to-trunk information yielded by neck receptors. But in standing or walking, this is accomplished by means of gravity sense organs in the trunk. Such organs are also shown to exist in the human trunk by means of experiments on a sled centrifuge. From tests with paraplegic and neuromectomized subjects, it is concluded that truncal graviception 1) is not influenced by mechanoreceptors in the legs, the skin, and between the vertebrae, but 2) is affected by at least two afferent inputs, one originating in the kidneys, another in the tissues that support the large blood vessels against the gravitational load. These conclusions are corroborated by experiments with bilaterally nephrectomized subjects and by means of positive air pressure to the legs, respectively. Recent results under application of positive and negative air pressure to the entire lower body indicate that yet another source of somatic graviception mag exist, for example, one that exploits the hydrostatics of blood pressure or the inertia of the mass of the abdominal viscera. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Inc.