Geophysical early warning of salt precipitation during geological carbon sequestration.

Geophysical early warning of salt precipitation during geological carbon sequestration.
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地质固碳过程中盐降水的地球物理预警。

DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-73091-3
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发表时间:
2020-10-05
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Best AI
Best AI
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Falcon-Suarez IH;Livo K;Callow B;Marin-Moreno H;Prasad M;Best AI

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需要将工业二氧化碳(CO2)封存在深层地质盐水层中,以减少全球温室气体排放;监测油藏地层的机械完整性对于有效和安全的运营至关重要。 CO2 引起的盐沉淀会堵塞岩石中的流体传输路径,从而降低注入能力,并可能通过孔隙流体压力的增加损害储层储存的完整性。在这里,我们表明可以通过地球物理遥感实现盐降水的预警。通过在受控实验室 CO2 注入高孔隙度 (29%) 和渗透率 (1660 mD) 的盐水饱和石英砂岩中进行的弹性纵波和横波速度和电阻率监测,以及孔隙尺度盐沉淀的 X 射线 CT 成像,我们首次能够观察到 CO2 诱导的盐沉淀如何导致可检测的地球物理特征。我们从以下方面推断出盐引起的岩石变化:(i) 应变变化,(ii) 波速永久降低 ~ 1.5%,通过地球物理模型将地球物理特征与盐体积分数联系起来,以及 (iii) 孔隙度(增加 ~ 6%)和渗透率(~ 7%)增加。尽管盐饱和度超过 10%,但没有观察到堵塞效应,这表明盐沉淀可以延伸到大面积的地下区域,而不会损失二氧化碳注入高孔隙度和渗透率盐砂岩含水层的能力。
Sequestration of industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep geological saline aquifers is needed to mitigate global greenhouse gas emissions; monitoring the mechanical integrity of reservoir formations is essential for effective and safe operations. Clogging of fluid transport pathways in rocks from CO2-induced salt precipitation reduces injectivity and potentially compromises the reservoir storage integrity through pore fluid pressure build-up. Here, we show that early warning of salt precipitation can be achieved through geophysical remote sensing. From elastic P- and S-wave velocity and electrical resistivity monitoring during controlled laboratory CO2 injection experiments into brine-saturated quartz-sandstone of high porosity (29%) and permeability (1660 mD), and X-ray CT imaging of pore-scale salt precipitation, we were able to observe, for the first time, how CO2-induced salt precipitation leads to detectable geophysical signatures. We inferred salt-induced rock changes from (i) strain changes, (ii) a permanent ~ 1.5% decrease in wave velocities, linking the geophysical signatures to salt volume fraction through geophysical models, and (iii) increases of porosity (by ~ 6%) and permeability (~ 7%). Despite over 10% salt saturation, no clogging effects were observed, which suggests salt precipitation could extend to large sub-surface regions without loss of CO2 injectivity into high porosity and permeability saline sandstone aquifers.
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