Mycobacterium bovis in rural Tanzania:: Risk factors for infection in human and cattle populations
Mycobacterium bovis in rural Tanzania:: Risk factors for infection in human and cattle populations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tube.2006.03.001
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Sharp, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cleaveland, Sarah;Shaw, Darren J.;Sharp, Michael
虽然牛结核病在整个非洲很普遍，但对人或牛群中牛分枝杆菌感染的风险因素知之甚少。在坦桑尼亚北方进行了一项人类病例对照研究，比较了病例（宫颈腺炎病例，其中M.牛被隔离）与年龄和性别匹配的对照（从社区内潜在的医院参与者中随机选择）。还对4个区随机选择的27个村进行了牛的横断面研究，测试了10 549头牛和622个牛群，并对239户家庭进行了问卷调查。M.在65例人类宫颈腺炎病例中，有7例（10.8%）证实为牛型，其中只有1例来自饲养受感染牛的家庭。M.人类患者中的牛与先前确诊结核病的家庭（p < 0.001）和远离邻居（> 100 m）的家庭（p = 0.003）相关。在牛中，皮内试验阳性的总体患病率较低，为0.9%（0.70-1.06%），但分布广泛，11.8%（8.44-13.17%）的牛群中至少含有一种反应物。皮内试验阳性率随牛龄增加而显著增加（p < 0.001）。具有以下风险因素的牛群皮内试验阳性率显著较高：牛群中> 50头牛（p = 0.024）;夜间圈养的牛群（p = 0.021）和与野生动物接触的牛群（p = 0.041）。此外，经历过年度洪水的村庄感染率较高（p = 0.043）。(c)2006爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Although bovine tuberculosis is widespread throughout Africa, very little is known about risk factors for Mycobacterium bovis infection in either human or cattle populations. A human case-control study was conducted in northern Tanzania, comparing risk factors and prevalence of cattle interdermal test positives of cases (cervical adenitis cases from which M. bovis was isolated) with age- and sex-matched controls (selected at random from potential hospital attendees within the community). A cattle cross-sectional study was also set-up involving 27 villages selected at random in four districts, with 10,549 cattle and 622 herds tested, and questionnaire surveys conducted in 239 households. M. bovis was confirmed in seven of 65 (10.8%) human cervical adenitis cases, of which only one came from a household owning infected cattle. M. bovis in human patients was associated with families in which a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis had previously been made (p < 0.001) and with households far (> 100 m) from neighbours (p = 0.003). In cattle, overall prevalence of intradermal test positives was tow at 0.9% (0.70-1.06%), but widespread, with 11.8% (8.44-13.17%) herds containing at least one reactor. Prevalence of intradermal test positives increased significantly with cattle age (p < 0.001). Herds with the following risk factors had a significantly greater prevalence of intradermal test positives: > 50 cattle in the herd (p = 0.024); herds housed inside at night (p = 0.021) and herds in contact with wildlife (p = 0.041). Furthermore, villages that experienced annual flooding had a higher prevalence of infection (p = 0.043). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.