AMPK: a cellular metabolic and redox sensor. A minireview.

AMPK: a cellular metabolic and redox sensor. A minireview.
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DOI:
10.2741/4218
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发表时间:
2014-01-01
期刊:
Frontiers in bioscience (Landmark edition)
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Zou MH
Zou MH
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Shirwany NA;Zou MH

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AMPK 是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,存在于所有真核生物中,并且在所有器官系统中普遍表达。一旦被激活,AMPK 就会刺激肝脏脂肪酸氧化和生酮,抑制胆固醇合成、脂肪生成和甘油三酯合成,抑制脂肪细胞脂肪分解和脂肪生成,刺激骨骼肌脂肪酸氧化和肌肉葡萄糖摄取,并调节胰腺的胰岛素分泌。因此,它在许多关键细胞过程中的重要性是众所周知的。对于细胞来说,能源供应和需求的紧密匹配至关重要。 AMPK 被认为是这种平衡的关键整合者。众所周知,它会通过增加 AMP:ATP 比率而被变构激活。激酶的激活会打开分解代谢途径,同时关闭合成代谢途径。它还充当内皮细胞中的氧化还原传感器,氧化应激会干扰 NO 信号传导。 NO 信号异常会导致血管舒张反应紊乱。通过抑制内皮细胞中活性氧的形成,AMPK 可以优化脉管系统中的氧化还原平衡。在这里,我们回顾一下 AMPK 在细胞中的作用。
AMPK is a serine/threonine kinase that is found in all eukaryotes and is ubiquitously expressed in all organ systems. Once activated, AMPK stimulates hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, inhibits cholesterol synthesis, lipogenesis, and triglyceride synthesis, inhibits adipocyte lipolysis and lipogenesis, stimulates skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation and muscle glucose uptake, and modulates insulin secretion by the pancreas. Thus its importance in many critical cellular processes is well established. For cells it is critical that energy supply and demand are closely matched. AMPK is recognized as a critical integrator of this balance. It is known to be allosterically activated by an increased AMP:ATP ratio. Activation of the kinase switches on catabolic pathways while switching off anabolic ones. It also acts as a redox sensor in endothelial cells where oxidative stress can disturb NO signaling. Abnormal NO signaling leads to disturbed vasodilatory responses. By inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species in the endothelium, AMPK can optimize the redox balance in the vasculature. Here, we review the role of AMPK in the cell.
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