Cue-based preparation and stimulus-based priming of tasks in task switching
Cue-based preparation and stimulus-based priming of tasks in task switching
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03193420
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Allport, Alan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Koch, Iring;Allport, Alan
在本研究中，我们考察了三种不同来源的任务激活在预先任务转换中的交互作用。我们将(1)有意的、基于线索的任务激活与另外两种非自愿的激活来源区分开来：(2)来自前一任务的持久激活；(3)由任务刺激本身引发的基于刺激的任务激活。我们假设基于线索的任务激活作为线索-刺激间隔(CSI)的函数而增加，而来自先前试验的任务激活作为反应-刺激间隔的函数而衰减。基于刺激的任务激活被认为是由于刺激相关任务的非自愿提取。我们通过将每个刺激一致地映射到两个任务中的一个或另一个来操纵基于刺激的任务激活。练习后，我们颠倒了这一映射，以测试项目特定刺激-任务关联的效果。映射颠倒导致反应时间增加和任务转移成本增加。与短CSI相比，这些基于刺激的启动效应在CSI较长的情况下显著降低，这表明基于刺激的启动主要表现在任务之间的竞争较强时，而基于线索的任务激活减少了任务竞争。相反，延长反应提示间隔(衰减时间)可降低转换成本，但不会降低基于刺激的启动效应。数据与任务激活中可分离的刺激相关成分和反应相关成分是一致的。对这些发现的进一步理论意义进行了讨论。
In this study, we investigated the interaction of three different sources of task activation in precued task switching. We distinguished (1) intentional, cue-based task activation from two other, involuntary sources of activation: (2) persisting activation from the preceding task and (3) stimulus-based task activation elicited by the task stimulus itself. We assumed that cue-based task activation increases as a function of cue-stimulus interval (CSI) and that task activation from the preceding trial decays as a function of response-stimulus interval. Stimulus-based task activation is thought to be due to involuntary retrieval of stimulus-associated tasks. We manipulated stimulus-based task activation by mapping each of the stimuli consistently to only one or the other of the two tasks. After practice, we reversed this mapping in order to test the effects of item-specific stimulus-task association. The mapping reversal resulted in increased reaction times and increased task shift costs. These stimulus-based priming effects were markedly reduced with a long CSI, relative to a short CSI, suggesting that stimulus-based priming shows up in performance principally when competition between tasks is high and that cue-based task activation reduces task competition. In contrast, lengthening the response-cue interval (decay time) reduced shift costs but did not reduce the stimulus-based priming effect. The data are consistent with separable stimulus-related and response-related components of task activation. Further theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.