The understanding of circular RNAs as special triggers in carcinogenesis
The understanding of circular RNAs as special triggers in carcinogenesis
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对环状RNA作为致癌作用特殊触发因素的理解
DOI：
10.1093/bfgp/elw001
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Li, Fan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xin, Zhuoyuan;Ma, Qin;Li, Fan
环状rna （circRNAs）是一类大型非编码rna，其特征是由共价闭合的连续环形成的圆形。众所周知，它们可以调节哺乳动物的基因表达。这些组织特异性转录物主要由宿主基因的外显子或内含子序列产生。尽管已经提出了几种circRNA生物发生的模型，但对其起源的理解还远远不够。与其他非编码rna不同，circRNAs在细胞质中广泛表达、高度保守和稳定，这赋予了它们特殊的功能。它们被认为是microRNA （miRNA）海绵、选择性剪接的调节因子、转录因子和蛋白质编码。circRNAs的表达与几种病理状态相关，可能作为新的诊断或预测生物标志物。众所周知，CircRNAs可以调节许多癌症相关mirna的表达。circRNA-miRNA-mRNA轴是几种癌症相关途径的已知调控模式，在癌变过程中具有激动剂和拮抗剂作用。考虑到其潜在的临床相关性，circrna是正在进行的癌症预防和治疗研究的中心。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对环状rna的理解以及它们在癌症患者治疗中的潜在临床应用前景。
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large type of noncoding RNAs characterized by their circular shape resulting from covalently closed continuous loops. They are known to regulate gene expression in mammals. These tissue-specific transcripts are largely generated from exonic or intronic sequences of their host genes. Although several models of circRNA biogenesis have been proposed, the understanding of their origin is far from complete. Unlike other noncoding RNAs, circRNAs are widely expressed, highly conserved and stable in cytoplasm, which confer special functionalities to them. They are known to serve as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of alternative splicing, transcription factors and encode for proteins. The expression of circRNAs is associated with several pathological states and may potentially serve as novel diagnostic or predictive biomarkers. CircRNAs are known to regulate the expression of numerous cancer-related miRNAs. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis is a known regulatory pattern of several cancer-associated pathways, with both agonist and antagonist effects on carcinogenesis. In consideration of their potential clinical relevance, circRNAs are at the center of ongoing research initiatives on cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of circRNAs and the prospects for their potential clinical application in the management of cancer patients.