The cytoskeleton in cell volume regulation
The cytoskeleton in cell volume regulation
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DOI：
10.1159/000059925
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stournaras, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moustakas, A;Theodoropoulos, PA;Stournaras, C
细胞骨架由三种不同的丝状结构组成：微丝、中间丝和微管。细胞骨架的这些主要组成部分以高度有序的方式组织起来，通常形成复杂的结构网络，在维持细胞形状和形态方面发挥重要作用。细胞生理学的许多方面似乎都受到细胞骨架结构变化的积极调节。这些变化特别涉及细丝的重组和重构。这种形态学改变基本上是由微丝和微管的聚合动力学的快速调节诱导的[Koukouritaki等人，1996，1997; Papakonstanti等人，1996年，1998年]。特别是，肌动蛋白微丝构成了主要的细胞骨架区室，迅速响应环境刺激，以调节细胞的形状和生理。控制细胞骨架平衡动力学的机制可以包括调节肌动蛋白或微管蛋白聚合的蛋白质的活化[Kreis和Vale，1993]，蛋白激酶或磷酸酶[Burridge等人，1992; Chrzanowska-Wodnicka和Burridge，1994;考克斯等人，1996]，cAMP浓度的变化[Koukouritaki等人，1996]和Rho家族的小GTP酶的活化[Hall，1998]。这些细胞内信号转导子又被细胞外刺激物激活，所述细胞外刺激物包括离子、氨基酸、激素和生长因子或机械应力。因此，肌动蛋白细胞骨架可能作为细胞外信号的传感器，并参与信号的转导。
The cytoskeleton consists of three distinct filamentous structures, the microfilaments, the intermediate filaments and the microtubules. These major components of the cytoskeleton are organized in a highly ordered manner often creating complex architectural networks that play essential roles in the maintenance of cell shape and morphology. Many aspects of cellular physiology seem to be actively modulated by changes of cytoskeletal structures. These changes involve in particular reorganization and restructuring of the filaments. Such morphological alterations are essentially induced by rapid modulations of the polymerization dynamics of microfilaments and microtubules [Koukouritaki et al., 1996, 1997; Papakonstanti et al., 1996, 1998]. In particular, actin microfilaments constitute the major cytoskeletal compartment that rapidly responds to environmental stimuli in order to modulate cell shape and physiology. The mechanisms controlling the cytoskeletal equilibrium dynamics may include activation of proteins that regulate actin or tubulin polymerization [Kreis and Vale, 1993], protein kinases or phosphatases [Burridge et al., 1992; Chrzanowska-Wodnicka and Burridge, 1994; Cox et al., 1996], changes in cAMP concentration [Koukouritaki et al., 1996] and activation of small GTPases of the Rho family [Hall, 1998]. These intracellular signal transducers are in turn activated by extracellular stimuli that include ions, amino acids, hormones and growth factors or mechanical stress. Thus, the actin cytoskeleton may act as a sensor of extracellular signals and participate in the transduction of signals.