Special Issue: Emerging Technologies and Methods for Early-Stage Product Design and Development
Special Issue: Emerging Technologies and Methods for Early-Stage Product Design and Development
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特刊：早期产品设计和开发的新兴技术和方法
DOI：
10.1115/1.4056744
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
McComb, Christopher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Moghaddam, Mohsen;Marion, Tucker;Holtta-Otto, Katja;Fu, Kate;Olechowski, Alison;McComb, Christopher
早期产品设计与开发(PDD)过程从根本上涉及对大量信息的处理、综合和交流，以做出设计探索和规范、概念生成和评估以及原型制作等一系列关键决策。尽管大多数当前的PDD实践在很大程度上依赖于人类的直觉，但计算、通信和人机交互技术的进步可以通过将人类设计者的创造力和独创性与计算机的速度和精度相结合来改变PDD过程。人工智能(AI)、云计算和扩展现实(XR)等新兴技术将通过支持自然语言处理、生成式建模、基于云的虚拟协作以及沉浸式设计和原型制作等新方法，极大地改变设计师在PDD早期阶段处理信息和做出决策的方式。这些新技术不太可能使人类设计师过时，但确实改变了人类设计师所扮演的角色。因此，了解设计师作为个人、团队和组成组织的团队的角色是至关重要的。这期特刊的目的是综合关于提高设计人员在PDD前端性能的技术和方法的最新研究-从理解用户需求到概念设计、原型和系统架构的开发，同时也强调了解设计人员及其角色的迫切需要。组成本期特刊的研究文章主要集中在新技术和方法可能改变的三个主要的早期PDD活动：(1)设计问题探索，(2)设计概念生成，(3)设计概念评估。第一个集合中的文章倾向于人工智能方法，这些方法有助于激发用户需求和产品使用上下文，探索和识别设计问题，以及指定设计指南。第二个研究文章集贡献了新的人工智能方法，使各种形式的新设计概念能够自动生成，如文本描述、图像和3D形状，以及对由此导致的设计师角色变化的彻底分析。第三组文章研究了基于人工智能和XR的新方法，旨在自动化或促进设计概念评估。虽然这些文章在通过新技术和方法增强PDD前端方面开辟了新的天地，但设计师仍然是这一过程中的主要参与者。因此，探讨设计师在PDD过程中不断演变的作用以及他们与技术伙伴关系的性质和必要性是至关重要的。本期特刊还提供了探索偏见、信念、态度和意图的研究文章，以及促进收集、提取和组织他们的知识以支持设计的手段和方法。本期客座社论的其余部分详细阐述了本期特刊中提出的研究文章集。
The early-stage product design and development (PDD) process fundamentally involves the processing, synthesis, and communication of a large amount of information to make a series of key decisions on design exploration and specification, concept generation and evaluation, and prototyping. Although most current PDD practices depend heavily on human intuition, advances in computing, communication, and human–computer interaction technologies can transform PDD processes by combining the creativity and ingenuity of human designers with the speed and precision of computers. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, and extended reality (XR) stand to substantially change the way designers process information and make decisions in the early stages of PDD by enabling new methods such as natural language processing, generative modeling, cloud-based virtual collaboration, and immersive design and prototyping. These new technologies are unlikely to render the human designer obsolete, but rather do change the role that the human designer plays. Thus, it is essential to understand the designer’s role as an individual, a team, and a group that forms an organization. The purpose of this special issue is to synthesize the state-of-the-art research on technologies and methods that augment the performance of designers in the front-end of PDD—from understanding user needs to conceptual design, prototyping, and development of systems architecture while also emphasizing the critical need to understand the designer and their role as well. The research articles that comprise this special issue focus primarily on three major early-stage PDD activities that new technologies and methods can potentially transform:(1) design problem exploration,(2) design concept generation, and (3) design concept evaluation. Articles in the first collection gravitate toward AI methods that facilitate the elicitation of user needs and product usage context, exploration and identification of design problems, and specification of design guidelines. The second collection of research articles contributes new AI methods that enable the automated generation of novel design concepts in various forms, such as textual descriptions, images, and 3D shapes, along with a thorough analysis of the resulting changes in the designer’s role. The third collection of articles investigates new methods based on AI and XR that aim at automating or facilitating design concept evaluation. While these articles break new ground in augmenting the front-end of PDD through new technologies and methods, designers remain the principal actor in this process. It is, therefore, of paramount importance to explore the evolving role of designers in the PDD process and the nature and necessity of their partnership with technology. This special issue also presents research articles that explore biases, beliefs, attitudes, and intentions, as well as the means and method to facilitate the collection, extraction, and organization of their knowledge to support design. The remainder of this Guest Editorial elaborates on the collections of research articles presented in this special issue.