A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles.
A perspective on the potential development of environmentally acceptable light-duty diesel vehicles.
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DOI：
10.1289/ehp.94102s425
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发表时间：
1994-10
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Adams W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hammerle R;Schuetzle D;Adams W
1979 年至 1985 年间，国际技术重点关注与接触柴油排放物相关的潜在人类健康影响。建立了有关柴油机排放成分的大量数据库；这些排放物在大气中的去向；以及整个颗粒及其化学成分对微生物、细胞和动物的影响。从那时起，柴油发动机技术取得了许多重大发展，需要重新审视未来将大量轻型柴油汽车引入欧洲和美国市场的可接受性。发动机设计、催化剂和捕集器方面取得了重大工程改进。因此，在过去 10 年中，颗粒物排放量和颗粒物相关有机物排放量分别减少了约 10 倍和 30 倍。帮助评估这些节能发动机的环境可接受性的研究包括开发当前和先进柴油发动机的排放数据库、柴油排放对城市臭氧形成和大气颗粒浓度的影响、燃料成分的影响（例如低硫和添加剂对排放的影响）、动物吸入毒理学研究和基础分子生物学研究。
Between 1979 and 1985, an international technical focus was placed upon potential human health effects associated with exposure to diesel emissions. A substantial data base was developed on the composition of diesel emissions; the fate of these emissions in the atmosphere; and the effects of whole particles and their chemical constituents on microorganisms, cells, and animals. Since that time, a number of significant developments have been made in diesel engine technology that require a new look at the future acceptability of introducing significant numbers of light-duty diesel automobiles into the European and American markets. Significant engineering improvements have been made in engine design, catalysts, and traps. As a result, particle emissions and particle associated organic emissions have been reduced by about 10 and 30 times, respectively, during the past 10 years. Research studies to help assess the environmental acceptability of these fuel-efficient engines include the development of an emissions data base for current and advanced diesel engines, the effect of diesel emissions on urban ozone formation and atmospheric particle concentrations, the effect of fuel composition, e.g., lower sulfur and additives on emissions, animal inhalation toxicology studies, and fundamental molecular biology studies.