Evolutionary analysis of the LORELEI gene family in plants reveals regulatory subfunctionalization
Evolutionary analysis of the LORELEI gene family in plants reveals regulatory subfunctionalization
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植物 LORELEI 基因家族的进化分析揭示了调控亚功能化
DOI：
10.1093/plphys/kiac444
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Khuu, Nicholas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noble, Jennifer A.;Bielski, Nicholas V.;Liu, Ming-Che James;DeFalco, Thomas A.;Stegmann, Martin;Nelson, Andrew D. L.;McNamara, Kara;Sullivan, Brooke;Dinh, Khanhlinh K.;Khuu, Nicholas
由Lorelei(LRE)样GPI锚定蛋白(LLG)和长春花类RCEPTOR样蛋白1(CrRLK1L)家族成员组成的信号复合体感知快速碱化因子(Ralf)多肽，调节拟南芥(Arabiopsis Thaliana)的生长、生殖、免疫和逆境反应。编码这些蛋白质的基因是大多数被子植物中多基因家族的成员，可以产生数千个信号复杂的变体。然而，这些基因家族的扩大与这一关键信号复合体的功能多样化以及维持基因重复的进化因素之间的联系仍不清楚。在这里，我们通过采集陆地植物基因组来研究LLG基因家族的进化，并探索被子植物LLG的功能和表达。我们发现，主要陆地植物谱系中的LLG多样性主要是由于谱系特有的复制事件，并且这些复制发生在这些谱系的早期和最近。我们的互补和表达分析表明，表达差异(即调节子功能化)，而不是功能差异，解释了LLG Paralog的保留。有趣的是，除了一个单子叶植物外，所有的单子叶植物和所有被研究的植物都有一个LLG拷贝，该拷贝在雄性生殖组织中优先表达，而其他重复拷贝在雌性或营养组织中表达水平最高。毛状链霉单拷贝基因在雄性组织中的表达显著高于雌性生殖或营养组织。我们认为，表达差异在被子植物中保留LLG重复起着重要作用。
A signaling complex comprising members of the LORELEI (LRE)-LIKE GPI-anchored protein (LLG) andCatharanthus roseusRECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 1-LIKE (CrRLK1L) families perceive RAPID ALKALINIZATION FACTOR (RALF) peptides and regulate growth, reproduction, immunity, and stress responses in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genes encoding these proteins are members of multigene families in most angiosperms and could generate thousands of signaling complex variants. However, the links between expansion of these gene families and the functional diversification of this critical signaling complex as well as the evolutionary factors underlying the maintenance of gene duplicates remain unknown. Here, we investigatedLLGgene family evolution by sampling land plant genomes and explored the function and expression of angiospermLLGs. We found thatLLGdiversity within major land plant lineages is primarily due to lineage-specific duplication events, and that these duplications occurred both early in the history of these lineages and more recently. Our complementation and expression analyses showed that expression divergence (i.e. regulatory subfunctionalization), rather than functional divergence, explains the retention ofLLGparalogs. Interestingly, all but one monocot and all eudicot species examined had anLLGcopy with preferential expression in male reproductive tissues, while the other duplicate copies showed highest levels of expression in female or vegetative tissues. The singleLLGcopy inAmborella trichopodais expressed vastly higher in male compared to in female reproductive or vegetative tissues. We propose that expression divergence plays an important role in retention ofLLGduplicates in angiosperms.