Repopulated microglia induce expression of Cxcl13 with differential changes in Tau phosphorylation but do not impact amyloid pathology.

Repopulated microglia induce expression of Cxcl13 with differential changes in Tau phosphorylation but do not impact amyloid pathology.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12974-022-02532-9
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发表时间:
2022-07-04
影响因子:
9.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
医学1区
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成年小胶质细胞依靠分裂的自我更新来重新填充并维持其数量。然而,随着衰老,小胶质细胞表现出形态和转录变化,反映了神经炎症状态的加剧。这种状态会威胁衰老的神经元和其他细胞,并可能影响阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 的进展。在这项研究中,我们试图确定通过强制部分去除/再填充方法更新小胶质细胞是否可以减轻 3xTg 和 APP/PS1 小鼠模型中的 AD 病理。我们使用在食物中配制的 PLX5622 为期 2 周,从药物上消除了两组 21 至 22 个月大的 3xTg 小鼠和一组 14 个月大的 APP/PS1 小鼠的小胶质细胞。耗尽后,我们让小鼠恢复标准饮食 1 个月,以使小胶质细胞重新增殖。我们使用免疫组织化学、单细胞 RNAseq 和流式细胞术评估了消耗和重新增殖对 AD 病理学、小胶质细胞基因表达和小胶质细胞稳态标记物表面水平的影响。尽管我们没有发现小胶质细胞再增殖对任一 AD 模型中淀粉样蛋白病理学的显着影响,但我们观察到 3xTg 小鼠再增殖后磷酸化 Tau 表位的差异变化。我们提供的证据表明,海马结构中重新填充的小胶质细胞表现出稳态小胶质细胞标记物水平的变化。最后,我们通过对来自对照和重新填充的 3xTg 小鼠海马的 CD45int/+ 细胞进行单细胞 RNAseq 分析,鉴定了新的小胶质细胞亚群。特别是,再增殖后诱导的一个亚群的特征是 Cxcl13 表达升高。总的来说,我们发现小胶质细胞的消耗和重新填充会导致小胶质细胞 Cxcl13 的过度表达,对 Tau 和淀粉样蛋白病理产生不同的影响。在线版本包含可在 10.1186/s12974-022-02532-9 获取的补充材料。
Adult microglia rely on self-renewal through division to repopulate and sustain their numbers. However, with aging, microglia display morphological and transcriptional changes that reflect a heightened state of neuroinflammation. This state threatens aging neurons and other cells and can influence the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine whether renewing microglia through a forced partial depletion/repopulation method could attenuate AD pathology in the 3xTg and APP/PS1 mouse models. We pharmacologically depleted the microglia of two cohorts of 21- to 22-month-old 3xTg mice and one cohort of 14-month-old APP/PS1 mice using PLX5622 formulated in chow for 2 weeks. Following depletion, we returned the mice to standard chow diet for 1 month to allow microglial repopulation. We assessed the effect of depletion and repopulation on AD pathology, microglial gene expression, and surface levels of homeostatic markers on microglia using immunohistochemistry, single-cell RNAseq and flow cytometry. Although we did not identify a significant impact of microglial repopulation on amyloid pathology in either of the AD models, we observed differential changes in phosphorylated-Tau epitopes after repopulation in the 3xTg mice. We provide evidence that repopulated microglia in the hippocampal formation exhibited changes in the levels of homeostatic microglial markers. Lastly, we identified novel subpopulations of microglia by performing single-cell RNAseq analysis on CD45int/+ cells from hippocampi of control and repopulated 3xTg mice. In particular, one subpopulation induced after repopulation is characterized by heightened expression of Cxcl13. Overall, we found that depleting and repopulating microglia causes overexpression of microglial Cxcl13 with disparate effects on Tau and amyloid pathologies. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-022-02532-9.
耦合的增殖和凋亡维持成人大脑中小胶质细胞的快速离职。
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