The Impact of Engineering Information Formats on Workers’ Cognitive Load in Working Memory Development
The Impact of Engineering Information Formats on Workers’ Cognitive Load in Working Memory Development
复制标题
工程信息格式对工人工作记忆发展中认知负荷的影响
DOI：
10.1061/9780784482858.010
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liu, Xin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi, Yangming;Du, Jing;Zhu, Qi;Liu, Xin
由于施工任务的动态性和复杂性的增加，工人通常需要在操作之前记住大量的工程信息，例如空间方向和操作程序。因此，工作记忆的发展对许多施工任务的性能和安全至关重要。本研究通过90名被试的虚拟现实（VR）实验，探讨了工程信息格式对工作记忆的影响。创建了一个VR模型来模拟管道维护任务。首先，要求参与者以以下格式之一回顾任务程序，包括2D等距图，3D模型和VR模型。回顾会议结束后，参与者被要求在虚拟环境中根据他们的工作记忆执行管道维护任务。操作准确性和时间被用作工作记忆发展的关键绩效指标。实验结果表明，3D和VR组在操作准确性和时间上都优于2D组，这表明更沉浸式的教学会导致更好的工作记忆。进一步的研究发现，与3D和VR组相比，2D组在工作记忆发展中呈现出显著更高水平的内在认知负荷和外在认知负荷，这表明不同的工程信息格式会导致工作记忆发展中不同水平的认知负荷，并最终影响最终的表现。这些发现有望启发智能信息系统的设计，以适应建筑工人的认知负荷，改善工作记忆的发展。
Owing to the increasing dynamics and complexity of construction tasks, workers often need to memorize a big amount of engineering information prior to the operations, such as spatial orientations and operational procedures. The working memory development, as a result, is critical to the performance and safety of many construction tasks. This study investigates how the format of engineering information affects human working memory based on a human-subject virtual reality (VR) experiment (n=90). A VR model was created to simulate a pipe maintenance task. First, participants were asked to review the task procedures in one of the following formats, including 2D isometric drawings, 3D model, and VR model. After the review session, participants were asked to perform the pipe maintenance task in the virtual environment based on their working memory. The operation accuracy and time were used as the key performance indicators of the working memory development. The experiment results indicate that the 3D and VR groups outperformed the 2D group in both operation accuracy and time, suggesting that a more immersive instruction leads to a better working memory. A further examination finds that the 2D group presented a significantly higher level of intrinsic cognitive load and extraneous cognitive load in the working memory development compared to the 3D and VR groups, indicating that different engineering information formats can cause different levels of cognitive load in working memory development, and ultimately affect the final performance. The findings are expected to inspire the design of intelligent information systems that adapt to the cognitive load of construction workers for improved working memory development.
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