Crystal structure of the mammalian GIRK2 K+ channel and gating regulation by G proteins, PIP2, and sodium.

Crystal structure of the mammalian GIRK2 K+ channel and gating regulation by G proteins, PIP2, and sodium.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.046
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发表时间:
2011-09-30
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
MacKinnon R
MacKinnon R
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Whorton MR;MacKinnon R

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g蛋白门控K+通道(Kir3.1-Kir3.4)控制许多不同细胞的电兴奋性。在与人类生理和疾病相关的功能中,它们调节心率和控制广泛的神经元活动。在这里,我们提出了g蛋白门控K+通道的第一个晶体结构。通过比较野生型和组成型活性突变体的结构,我们确定了一个全局构象变化,通过这个构象变化,g蛋白可以在细胞质域中打开一个g环门。两个通道在PIP2缺失和存在时的结构表明,在PIP2缺失时,g蛋白只打开g环门,但在PIP2存在时,g环门和第二个内螺旋门耦合,因此两个门都打开。我们还确定了一个战略性的Na+离子结合位点,这将允许细胞内Na+调节GIRK通道的活性。这些数据提供了多配体调控GIRK通道门控的机制描述。
G-protein-gated K+ channels (Kir3.1–Kir3.4) control electrical excitability in many different cells. Among their functions relevant to human physiology and disease, they regulate the heart rate and govern a wide range of neuronal activities. Here we present the first crystal structures of a G-protein-gated K+ channel. By comparing the wild-type structure to that of a constitutively active mutant, we identify a global conformational change through which G-proteins could open a G-loop gate in the cytoplasmic domain. The structures of both channels in the absence and presence of PIP2 show that G-proteins open only the G-loop gate in the absence of PIP2, but in the presence of PIP2 the G-loop gate and a second inner helix gate become coupled, so that both gates open. We also identify a strategically located Na+ ion-binding site, which would allow intracellular Na+ to modulate GIRK channel activity. These data provide a mechanistic description of multi-ligand regulation of GIRK channel gating.
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