Evolution and development of gastropod larval shell morphology: experimental evidence for mechanical defense and repair
Evolution and development of gastropod larval shell morphology: experimental evidence for mechanical defense and repair
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1525-142x.2001.01003.x
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Hickman, CS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hickman, CS
腹足类软体动物幼虫的结构多样性为幼虫形式作为保守原型的观点提供了有益的对照。为了在浮游生物中生存，幼虫的结构、功能和发育都经过了微调。因此，幼虫适应的研究为进化发育生物学作为一门综合科学提供了一个重要的视角。野外的破损和修复模式，以及实验室条件下与浮游动物安排接触时的破损模式，是腹足类幼虫壳形态和微观雕塑特征的适应性意义的两个强有力的数据来源。naassarius paupertus [GOULD]的浮游胃足类幼虫的壳保留了多个修复的断裂，这归因于浮游动物捕食者的失败。在培养中，从浓缩的浮游动物样本中分离出来的幼虫迅速修复了破碎的孔边缘，并恢复了“理想”的孔形状，在这种形状中，一个精心设计的突出物或“喙”覆盖在游泳的浮游动物的头部。当将修复了孔的个体重新引入浓缩的潜在浮游动物捕食者的混合物中时，修复的边缘迅速被破坏和破坏。幼虫外壳突出的喙是机械防御的第一道防线，覆盖着幼虫的头部和嘴巴，可能是外壳最脆弱的部分。机械故障的模式表明，螺旋脊确实加强了喙和延缓破损。壳的快速修复和再生能力，以及抵抗或延缓机械损伤的特征的进化，可能在提高浮游生物幼虫的生存能力方面发挥着比以前认为的更重要的作用。
The structural diversity of gastropod veliger larvae offers an instructive counterpoint to the view of larval forms as conservative archetypes. Larval structure, function, and development are fine-tuned for survival in the plankton. Accordingly, the study of larval adaptation provides an important perspective for evolutionary-developmental biology as an integrated science. Patterns of breakage and repair in the field, as well as patterns of breakage in arranged encounters with zooplankton under laboratory conditions, are two powerful sources of data on the adaptive significance of morphological and microsculptural features of the gastropod larval shell. Shells of the planktonic veliger larvae of the caenogastropod Nassarius paupertus [GOULD] preserve multiple repaired breaks, attributed to unsuccessful zooplankton predators. In culture, larvae isolated from concentrated zooplankton samples rapidly repaired broken apertural margins and restored the "ideal" apertural form, in which an elaborate projection or "beak" covers the head of the swimming veliger, When individuals with repaired apertures were reintroduced to a concentrated mixture of potential zooplankton predators, the repaired margins were rapidly chipped and broken back. The projecting beak of the larval shell is the first line of mechanical defense, covering the larval head and mouth and potentially the most vulnerable part of the shell to breakage. Patterns of mechanical failure show that spiral ridges do reinforce the beak and retard breakage. The capacity for rapid shell repair and regeneration, and the evolution of features that resist or retard mechanical damage, may play a more prominent role than previously thought in enhancing the ability of larvae to survive in the plankton.