Embryonic development of the vertebrate gravity receptors
Embryonic development of the vertebrate gravity receptors
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脊椎动物重力感受器的胚胎发育
DOI：
10.1007/bf00367287
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Schatz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Neubert;W. Briegleb;A. Schatz
方法STATEX样品容器(SC)在航天飞机开始前24小时装入12/13和35/36[2]阶段的样品，样品是2天前从我们的家庭实验室到达的，在10℃的环境中。这一温度一直保持到太空实验开始。体温的降低会减缓新陈代谢过程。借助这一程序，我们希望将发射过程中的加速度影响降至最低。虽然这种操作非常有效，但在航天飞机着陆阶段的一个类似程序并没有有效地发挥作用，因为我们不可能重新启动相变材料集装箱的被动冷却系统。在发射前12个小时，SC被移交给NASA并储存在甲板中间的储物柜中。五个半小时后，SC被分配到空间实验室的温度室，并在2小时后启动。实验在20℃连续运行154h，1g模拟的集成参考离心机也以86rpm的恒速运行。在着陆后1小时多一点的时间里，“SC”被交给了实验者。相当数量的标本仍然活着，并已发展到第47期或47/48期。大部分动物立即固定进行形态学检查。采用两种不同的固定方法。对于电子显微镜，常用的化学方法是用戊二醛前处理，然后用Os()酸固定，再用铀酰乙酸酯和磷钨酸后处理。然后将样品包埋在苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸甲酯中进行超薄切片。有关更详细的方法说明，请参阅[3]。对于特殊的光学显微镜方法，其他样品被保存在液态氮气中。除了太空飞行的样本外，同步地面控制实验中的动物也使用相同的程序进行固定。一些蝌蚪被活着运到我们的家庭实验室，以观察进一步的发育。
MethodsThe STATEX Sample Container (SC) was loaded 24 h before the start of the shuttle with samples of stage 12/13 and 35/36 [2] which had arrived from our home laboratory 2 days earlier in a 10~ environment. This temperature was maintained until the start of the experiment in space. Reduction of the body temperature slows down metabolic processes. With the help of this procedure we hoped to minimize acceleration influences during launching. While this manipulation worked very well, a similar procedure during the landing phase of the shuttle did not function efficiently, as we had no possibility of reactivating our passive cooling system of phase-changing-material containers.Twelve hours before lift-off, the SC was handed over to NASA and stored in a Middeck Locker. Five and a half hours later the SC was allocated to the Temperature Chamber in the Spacelab and 2 h later activated. The experiment ran without interruption for 154 h at 20~ The integrated reference centrifuge for 1-g simulation also operated at a constant speed of 86 rpm. Little more than 1 h after landing the SC" was handed over to the experimenters. A significant number of specimens were alive and had developed either to stage 47 or 47/48. Most of the animals were fixed immediately for morphological investigation. Two different fixation methods were used. For electron microscopy the familiar chemical method was used of prefixing with glutaraldehyde followed by osmium (VIII) acid fixation and post-fixing with uranylacetate and phosphotungstic acid. The samples were then embedded in styrene-methacrylate for ultrathin sectioning. For a more detailed method description see [3]. For a special light-microscope method other samples were preserved in liquid N2. In addition to the space-flown samples animals in a synchronous ground-based control experiment were also fixed using identical procedures. Some tadpoles were transported alive to our home laboratory for observation of further development.