Endocannabinoids in Neuroimmunology and Stress
Endocannabinoids in Neuroimmunology and Stress
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DOI：
10.2174/156800705774933023
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Hillard, C. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrier, E. J.;Patel, S.;Hillard, C. J.
在这篇综述中提出了两个主题。在第一部分中，我们回顾了关于内源性大麻素(ECB)和大麻素受体对神经免疫功能的影响的数据。ECB在免疫系统和中枢神经系统(CNS)之间的相互作用中的功能特别令人感兴趣，因为CNS本身是ECB的丰富来源，同时对炎症非常敏感。大麻素可以在几个部位影响神经炎症。小胶质细胞既表达CB受体，又产生ECB。激活这些细胞上的CB受体似乎促进了迁移和增殖，但减少了对巨噬细胞的激活。在一些神经退行性疾病中，已经观察到小胶质细胞CB2受体的上调。我们的假设是，小胶质细胞CB受体的活性是抗炎的，可以被用来操纵神经炎症过程，而不会产生最不想要的影响。讨论的第二个主题表明，ECB/CB1受体对参与动物对急性、重复和可变应激的反应。这对人的角色是复杂的，依赖于以前的压力，以及其他因素。对压力的反应障碍是人类几种神经精神障碍的组成部分，包括焦虑和恐慌障碍、创伤后应激障碍、经前焦虑症，很可能还有药物滥用。虽然现在断言还为时过早，但抑制或增强内源性大麻素信号很有可能成为一种治疗多种人类精神疾病的有效的新方法。
Two topics are presented in this review. In the first section, we review data regarding the effects of the endocannabinoids (eCBs) and cannabinoid receptors on neuroimmune function. The function of eCBs in the interaction between the immune system and the central nervous system (CNS) is of particular interest, since the CNS itself is a rich source of eCBs while being exquisitely sensitive to inflammation. There are several sites at which cannabinoids can influence neuroinflammation. Microglial cells express both CB receptors and make eCBs. Activation of CB receptors on these cells seems to promote migration and proliferation but to reduce activation to macrophages. In several neurodegenerative diseases, up-regulation of microglial CB2 receptors have been observed. It is our hypothesis that microglial CB receptor activity is anti-inflammatory and could be exploited to manipulate neuroinflammatory processes with a minimum of unwanted effects. The second topic discussed suggests that the eCB/CB1 receptor pair is involved in the responses of animals to acute, repeated and variable stress. The roles of this pair are complex and dependent upon previous stress, among other things. Dysfunctional responding to stress is a component of several human neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and panic disorders, post-traumatic stress disorders, premenstrual dysphoria and quite possibly, drug abuse. While it is too early to say with certainty, it is very possible that either inhibition or potentiation of endocannabinoid signaling will be an efficacious novel therapeutic approach to more than one human psychiatric disease.