Controlling for Causally Relevant Third Variables
Controlling for Causally Relevant Third Variables
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控制因果相关的第三变量
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Crooks
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adam Goodie;Cristina C. Williams;C. Crooks
摘要通过三个实验，作者检验了在进行因果判断时控制第三变量的条件。作者假设，当第三变量本身被认为是因果关系时，第三变量是受控的。在实验1中，参与者在看到有关穿着幸运服装，参加考试准备课程和熬夜的信息后预测考试表现。在评估熬夜的有效性时，课程（被认为更具因果关系）比服装（被认为因果关系较低）受到更多的控制。在实验2和实验3中，为了验证实验1的真实封面故事所产生的许多替代性解释，参与者预测了液体呈现或不呈现后的花朵盛开。当一种液体被训练成因果关系时，它在判断另一种液体时比被训练成中性时受到更多的控制。总体而言，被认为是因果关系的刺激控制更多的判断其他刺激时。作者的结论是，知觉因果关联对因果条件化的影响是真实的和规范合理的。
Abstract In 3 experiments, the authors tested the conditions under which 3rd variables are controlled for in making causal judgments. The authors hypothesized that 3rd variables are controlled for when the 3rd variables are themselves perceived as causal. In Experiment 1, the participants predicted test performance after seeing information about wearing a lucky garment, taking a test-preparation course, and staying up late. The course (perceived as more causally relevant) was controlled for more than was the garment (perceived as less causally relevant) in assessing the effectiveness of staying up late. In Experiments 2 and 3, to obviate the many alternative accounts that arise from the realistic cover story of Experiment 1, participants predicted flowers' blooming after the presentation or non-presentation of liquids. When one liquid was trained as causal, it was controlled for more in judging another liquid than when it was trained as neutral. Overall, stimuli perceived as causal were controlled for more when judging other stimuli. The authors concluded that the effect of perceived causal relevance on causal conditionalizing is real and normatively reasonable.
用贝叶斯推理表示任务：对 Lovett 和 Schunn (1999) 的评论。
DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.129.4.449
发表时间：
2000
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. General.
影响因子：
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作者：
Goodie,AS;Fantino,E
通讯作者：
Fantino,E