Electromagnetic field induced biological effects in humans.
Electromagnetic field induced biological effects in humans.
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发表时间：
2015
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Kaszuba-Zwoińska;Jerzy Gremba;Barbara Gałdzińska-Calik;K. Wójcik-Piotrowicz;P. Thor
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作者：
J. Kaszuba-Zwoińska;Jerzy Gremba;Barbara Gałdzińska-Calik;K. Wójcik-Piotrowicz;P. Thor
近几十年来，人工射频电磁场 (EMF) 的暴露量显着增加。因此，科学和社会对其对健康的影响越来越感兴趣，即使是在暴露量大大低于适用标准的情况下。人类环境中的电磁辐射强度正在增加，目前已达到地球上从未经历过的天文水平。电磁场对生物体影响最大的过程是其直接组织穿透。波兰和世界其他地区目前制定的电磁场暴露标准是基于热效应。众所周知，微弱的电磁场可能会对人体细胞、组织和器官造成各种剧烈的非热效应。观察到的症状很难归因于人类环境中同时发生的其他环境因素。尽管关于 EMF 影响的非热效应的讨论仍在进行中，但 2011 年 5 月 31 日——国际癌症研究机构 (IARC)——世界卫生组织 (WHO) 议程已将无线电电磁场列为 2B 类潜在致癌物。电磁场的危险不仅在于导致癌症的风险，还可能导致其他健康问题，包括电磁超敏反应 (EHS)。电磁超敏反应（EHS）是一种以人体暴露于电磁场后出现症状为特征的现象，其特征是具有广泛的非特异性多器官症状的综合征，包括主要位于皮肤和神经系统以及呼吸系统、心血管系统和肌肉骨骼系统的急性和慢性炎症过程。世卫组织不认为 EHS 是一种疾病——根据医学诊断和与任何已知综合征相关的症状进行定义。这些症状可能与单一电磁场来源有关，也可能源自多个来源的组合。报告的与电磁场相关的症状的特点是与其他具有这些症状的个体重叠效应，表现出广泛的临床表现，与暴露于单一或多个电磁场源有关。皮肤病形式的电磁超敏现象与肥大细胞增多症有关。从 EHS 患者皮损处采集的活组织检查表明，表皮皮肤层有肥大细胞浸润及其脱粒，以及释放过敏反应介质，如组胺、糜酶和类胰蛋白酶。世界上患有 EHS 的人数不断增加，他们描述自己严重功能失调，在暴露于低剂量电磁辐射时表现出多器官非特异性症状，通常与对许多化学剂过敏（多重化学敏感性 - MCS）和/或其他环境不耐受（敏感性相关疾病 - SRI）有关。
Exposure to artificial radio frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has increased significantly in recent decades. Therefore, there is a growing scientific and social interest in its influence on health, even upon exposure significantly below the applicable standards. The intensity of electromagnetic radiation in human environment is increasing and currently reaches astronomical levels that had never before experienced on our planet. The most influential process of EMF impact on living organisms, is its direct tissue penetration. The current established standards of exposure to EMFs in Poland and in the rest of the world are based on the thermal effect. It is well known that weak EMF could cause all sorts of dramatic non-thermal effects in body cells, tissues and organs. The observed symptoms are hardly to assign to other environmental factors occurring simultaneously in the human environment. Although, there are still ongoing discussions on non-thermal effects of EMF influence, on May 31, 2011--International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)--Agenda of World Health Organization (WHO) has classified radio electromagnetic fields, to a category 2B as potentially carcinogenic. Electromagnetic fields can be dangerous not only because of the risk of cancer, but also other health problems, including electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS). Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) is a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of symptoms after exposure of people to electromagnetic fields, generated by EHS is characterized as a syndrome with a broad spectrum of non-specific multiple organ symptoms including both acute and chronic inflammatory processes located mainly in the skin and nervous systems, as well as in respiratory, cardiovascular systems, and musculoskeletal system. WHO does not consider the EHS as a disease-- defined on the basis of medical diagnosis and symptoms associated with any known syndrome. The symptoms may be associated with a single source of EMF or be derived from a combination of many sources. Reported symptoms associated with electromagnetic fields are characterized by the overlapping effect with other individuals with these symptoms exhibited a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, related to exposure to a single or multiple sources of EMF. The phenomenon of electromagnetic hypersensitivity in the form of dermatological disease is associated with mastocytosis. The biopsies taken from skin lesions of patients with EHS indicated on infiltration of the skin layers of the epidermis with mastocytes and their degranulation, as well as on release anaphylactic reaction mediators such as histamine, chymase and tryptase. The number of people suffering from EHS in the world is growing describing themselves as severely dysfunctional, showing multi organ non-specific symptoms upon exposure to low doses of electromagnetic radiation, often associated with hypersensitivity to many chemical agents (Multiple Chemical Sensitivity-MCS) and/or other environmental intolerances (Sensitivity Related Illness-SRI).