Evaluating Hackberry Sites
Evaluating Hackberry Sites
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DOI：
10.2307/3628350
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发表时间：
1988
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
W. Geyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Lynch;W. Geyer
给出了评价堪萨斯州原生用材林越橘生长潜力的立地指数曲线。从1964-1965年间收集的堪萨斯森林调查数据计算了一条单一的指导曲线，并计算了协调曲线。黑莓(Celtis ocsidentalis L.)是堪萨斯州林地分布最广的树种之一。黑莓在商业林地的总现存量和采伐的锯材中排名第三(Raile和Spencer，1984)，主要用于家具和容器。虽然在不同的地点发现，黑莓在溪流沿岸肥沃的土壤上生长得最好。在该州三分之一的东部，它与其他硬木树种混合生长，但在该州中部几乎是纯林中生长。黑莓耐旱，在大平原的极端干旱时期存活了下来(Fowells，1965)。评价立地生产力(一个地区的木材生产潜力)是实现林地最大效益的管理的一个重要方面。立地指数法是确定立地质量最广泛接受的方法。它使用树高/树龄关系，并与木材产量有很好的相关性。根据定义，地位指数是指满积木、均匀树龄林分中优势树(上层)在50年树龄时的平均高度。在美国，已经公布了许多商业树种的曲线或表格。在堪萨斯州，只有黑核桃(Juglans ngra L.)已经出版(Geyer和Lynch，1987)。本文的目的是为堪萨斯州天然林分生长的重要树种提供一系列地位指数方程、曲线和高度表中的另一个。来自堪萨斯州的程序森林调查数据(Chase和Strickler，1968)为构建立地指数曲线提供了基本输入。作为林分清查和分析计划的一部分，在该州林区随机设置了776个临时的可变半径样地，每个样本上均匀放置了10个点。本内容于2016年9月30日星期五从157.55.39.43下载，UTC时间05：29：42，均以http://about.jstor.org/terms第91卷，编号3-4 159为准。表1.按树龄和高度分类的样本树木分布。树高等级25 35 45 55 65 75+总计20 2 9 5 1 1 18 30 2 13 19 14 1 50 40 5 13 6 1 25 50 3 6 5 4 18 60 1 7 2 11 70+4 4 8总计4 22 33 35 24 12 130树高和树龄包括每个样地中主要树种之一的第一棵树的树高和树龄，其树冠位于冠层上部。用复镜测量到最接近英尺的总树高，通过胸高(4.5英尺)的增量钻头来确定到最近一年的年龄。增加了苗木发育的额外年限，以估计总年龄。在130个采样区发现了越橘。这些树木按树高和树龄的分布见表1，按地理位置和地理立地的分布见表2。用非线性生长模型(Richards，1959)表示树高生长模式。所使用的模型为H=bo+bl(1l e-b2age)，其中：h=优势和共优身高(英尺)，年龄=总年龄，b=用最小二乘迭代法估计的模型系数，e=自然对数底。使用SAS(Barr等人，1976)计算了一条导向曲线，并利用协调曲线法(Spur，1952)开发了一系列立地指数曲线族。此方法假定附加曲线与导向曲线成比例，仅相差固定百分比。杨树在中心表2.按地理位置和地理位置划分的样地分布地理位置丘陵低坡间歇性滩地东北(22县)4 15 28 16 63东南(21县)5 26 18 49西部(62县)3 12 318总计4 23 66 37 130此内容于2016年9月30日星期五05：29：42 UTC从157.55.39.43下载，所有用途均以堪萨斯科学院http://about.jstor.org/terms 160交易为准表3.估计总高度(Ft)堪萨斯州树龄为50年的树冠上覆盆子树。
Site-index curves are presented for evaluating the growth potential of hackberry in native timber stands in Kansas. A single guide curve was computed from data gathered in the 1964-1965 Kansas forest inventory and harmonized curves were calculated. Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis L.) is one of the most widely distributed tree species in the woodlands of Kansas. Hackberry ranks third in total standing biomass and harvested sawtimber from commercial forest land (Raile and Spencer, 1984), and is used principally for furniture and containers. Although found on a variety of sites, hackberry grows best on rich soil along streams. In the eastern third of the state it grows in mixture with other hardwood species but occurs in almost pure stands in the central part of the state. Hackberry is drought resistant and has survived extremely dry periods in the Great Plains (Fowells, 1965). Evaluation of site productivity (wood producing potential of an area) is an important aspect of management for attaining maximum benefits from forest lands. The site-index method is the most widely accepted means for determining site quality. It uses tree height/age relationships and correlates well with timber yields. By definition, site index is the average height at age 50 years of dominant (overstory) trees in a fully stocked, even-aged stand. Curves or tables have been published for many commercial tree species in the United States. In Kansas, only curves for black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) have been published (Geyer and Lynch, 1987). The purpose of this paper is to provide another in a series of site-index equations, curves, and height tables for important tree species growing in natural stands in Kansas. PROCEDURE Forest survey data from Kansas (Chase and Strickler, 1968) provided the basic input for the construction of the site-index curves. As part of a stand inventory and analysis program, 776 temporary, variable-radius plots randomly located in the forest areas of the state were established at 10 points uniformly placed over each sample. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.43 on Fri, 30 Sep 2016 05:29:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms VOLUME 91, NUMBERS 3-4 159 Table 1. Distribution of sample trees by age and height classes. Height classes Age classes 25 35 45 55 65 75+ Totals 20 2 9 5 1 1 18 30 2 13 19 14 1 1 50 40 5 13 6 1 25 50 3 6 5 4 18 60 1 1 7 2 11 70+ 4 4 8 Totals 4 22 33 35 24 12 130 Tree measurements included height and age of the first tree in each plot that was one of the major species represented and whose crown was in the upper canopy. Total tree height to the nearest foot was measured with a relascope, and age to the nearest year was determined by increment borings at breast height (4.5 ft.). Additional years were added for seedling development to estimate total age. Hackberry was found at 130 sample areas. The distribution of these trees by height and age classes is shown in Table 1 and by geographic location and physiographic site classes in Table 2. A non-linear growth model (Richards, 1959) was used to express heightgrowth patterns. The model used was H = bo + bl(1l e-b2Age), where: H = dominant and codominant height (feet), Age = total age in years, b = coefficients of the model estimated by the iterative method of least squares, e = base of natural logarithms. A guide curve was calculated using SAS (Barr et al., 1976) and a family of site-index curves was developed utilizing the harmonized curve approach (Spurr, 1952). This approach assumes that additional curves are proportional to the guide curve, differing only by a fixed percentage. Aspen in the Central Table 2. Distribution of sample plots by geographic location and physiographic sites. Physiographic sites Geographic location Upland Lower slope Intermittent Bottomland Totals Northeast (22 counties) 4 15 28 16 63 Southeast (21 counties) 5 26 18 49 Western (62 counties) 3 12 3 18 Totals 4 23 66 37 130 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.43 on Fri, 30 Sep 2016 05:29:42 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 160 TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Table 3. Estimated total height (ft.) of upper canopy hackberry trees in Kansas with base age 50 years.