One of twenty questions for the twenty-first century: How do brain regions interact and integrate information?
One of twenty questions for the twenty-first century: How do brain regions interact and integrate information?
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DOI：
10.1006/brcg.1999.1153
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发表时间：
2000-02-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Weissman, DH
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Banich, MT;Weissman, DH
21世纪的世纪会给我们理解大脑如何支持认知带来什么新的见解？至少有一个基本问题将挑战科学家，那就是揭示大脑作为一个有凝聚力的综合处理器来支持心理功能的方式。今天流行的模型是功能定位模型，其中离散的功能由不同的大脑区域执行。这种观点的支持已经积累了至少一个世纪，最近神经影像学研究的爆炸性增长只是加强了这种观点。例如，神经影像学研究已经证实了患者群体的发现，将背外侧前额叶区域与工作记忆联系起来，将上级顶叶区域与注意力功能联系起来，将内侧颞叶区域与获得新的陈述性记忆联系起来。也许可以说，20世纪科学的一个主要贡献是认识到认知被分成了生物学上不同的组成部分，并朝着绘制心理功能的神经地理学的方向发展。尽管如此，我们仍然对认知的生物学上可定位和可分离的组成部分如何“结合在一起”以产生日常行为知之甚少。例如，试图记住一个人可能把钥匙放在哪里，可能涉及额叶（帮助记忆检索的战略方面）和颞叶（帮助访问存储的记忆）之间的一些相互作用。再举一个例子，考虑在芝加哥市中心的交通堵塞中机动，同时试图忽略收音机、喇叭声和后座司机的干扰音乐。这项艰巨的任务很可能需要顶叶之间的相互作用，顶叶编码空间位置
What new insights will the twenty-first century bring to our understanding of how the brain supports cognition? At least one fundamental issue that will challenge scientists is uncovering the means by which the brain works as a cohesive and integrated processor to support mental functioning. The prevailing model today is that of localization of function, in which discrete functions are performed by distinct brain regions. Support for this perspective has been accumulating for at least a century, with the recent explosion in neuroimaging studies only reinforcing such a view. For example, neuroimaging studies have confirmed findings from patient populations linking dorsolateral prefrontal regions to working memory, superior parietal regions to attentional functions, and medial temporal regions to the acquisition of new declarative memories. It is probably fair to say that a major contribution of twentieth-century science has been to recognize that cognition is fractionated into biologically distinct components and to move toward mapping the neural geography of psychological functioning. Nonetheless, we still have very little knowledge about how the biologically localizable and separable components of cognition are ‘‘bound together’’to produce everyday behaviors. Trying to remember where one might have left one’s keys, for instance, probably involves some interaction between the frontal lobes (which help with the strategic aspects of memory retrieval) and the temporal lobes (which help with accessing stored memories). As another example, consider maneuvering through a traffic jam in downtown Chicago while trying to ignore distracting music from the radio, honking horns and a back seat driver. This daunting task most likely requires interactions between the parietal lobes, which encode the spatial positions