Nuclear weapons tests and human germline mutation rate
Nuclear weapons tests and human germline mutation rate
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1068102
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发表时间：
2002-02-08
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Salomaa, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dubrova, YE;Bersimbaev, RI;Salomaa, S
哈萨克斯坦塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场周围的人口为分析电离辐射对人类的遗传风险提供了无与伦比的机会。塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场是苏联在 1949-89 年间进行的 470 次核试验的场所，其中包括 1949 年至 1963 年的大气和地面爆炸以及 1963 年至 1989 年的地下试验 (1)。周围人口主要暴露于1949年至1956年间进行的四次地面爆炸所产生的新放射性沉降物中，目前测试区外的放射性污染程度较低(2)。血液样本采集自居住在塞米巴拉金斯克核试验场周围哈萨克斯坦贝斯卡拉盖地区农村地区的 40 个三代家庭。这些区域的特点是电离辐射暴露的有效剂量最高 (1 Sv)(2)。对照组由来自哈萨克斯坦塔尔迪库尔干地区地理位置相似的未受污染农村地区的 28 个三代未受辐射家庭组成。两组人的种族、出生年份、父母年龄、职业以及是否吸烟都相匹配。使用八个高变小卫星探针 CEB1、CEB15、CEB25、CEB36、MS1、MS31、MS32 和 B6 对所有父母和后代进行了分析。 7 以前用于分析暴露于切尔诺贝利后放射性尘埃的白俄罗斯人类家庭 (3, 4)。在 F1 和 F2 对照以及暴露后代中确定了小卫星突变频率，分别产生了 P0 和 F1 代的种系突变率。对照组 P0 代和 F1 代的自发小卫星突变率相似（P<1；Fisher 精确检验）。因此，我们结合了这两代人的数据，得出了对照组突变率的单一估计值，随后与对照组的突变率进行了比较。
The population around the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan provides an unparalleled opportunity for the analysis of the genetic risk of ionizing radiation to humans. The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site has been the site for 470 nuclear tests performed by the Soviet Union during the period 1949–89, including atmospheric and surface explosions from 1949 to 1963 and underground tests from 1963 to 1989 (1). The surrounding population was mainly exposed to the fresh radioactive fallout from four surface explosions conducted between 1949 and 1956, and currently the radioactive contamination outside the test zone is low (2). Blood samples were collected from 40 three-generation families inhabiting the rural areas of the Beskaragai district of Kazakhstan around the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. These areas are characterized by the highest effective doses of exposure to ionizing radiation (1 Sv)(2). The control group was composed of 28 three-generation nonirradiated families from the geographically similar noncontaminated rural area of the Taldy Kurgan district of Kazakhstan. Both groups were matched by ethnicity, year of birth, parental age, occupation, and and whether or not they were smokers. All parents and offspring were profiled with eight hypervariable minisatellite probes CEB1, CEB15, CEB25, CEB36, MS1, MS31, MS32, and B6. 7 previously used for the analysis of human families from Belarus exposed to the post-Chernobyl radioactive fallout (3, 4).The frequency of minisatellite mutation was established in the F1 and F2 control and exposed offspring, which yielded germline mutation rates in the P0 and F1 generations, respectively. Spontaneous minisatellite mutation rates in the P0 and F1 generations of control group were similar (P 1; Fisher’s exact test). We therefore combined data for these two generations to produce a single estimate of mutation rate for the control group, which was subsequently compared with the