Field Observations of Sun Crust Formation in Hokkaido, Japan
Field Observations of Sun Crust Formation in Hokkaido, Japan
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日本北海道太阳壳形成的实地观测
DOI：
10.2307/1551766
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Eizi Akitaya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Toshihiro Ozeki;Eizi Akitaya
通过1991 ~ 1995年5个冬季的野外观测，研究了日壳的形成机制。在观测期间，太阳壳形成了15次。在本研究中观察到的太阳壳是一个薄冰层，它是1至2毫米厚，由冰粒组成，其下形成空腔。在所有情况下，在太阳壳形成之前，雪的类型是湿的圆形颗粒。计算了日壳形成过程中的热量平衡，揭示了日壳形成的过程。蒸发使表面光滑平整。长波辐射通量和潜热通量使雪表面冷却，而在表面之下，短波辐射被吸收，内部发生融化，从而产生空洞。长波辐射使一些残留在靠近地表的冰层中的融水重新冻结，形成了一个薄冰层。
The mechanism of sun crust formation was investigated through field observations for five winters from 1991 to 1995. During the observation periods, the sun crust formed 15 times. The sun crust observed in this study was a thin ice layer, which is 1 to 2 mm thickness and composed of ice particles, with cavities formed under it. In the all cases, the snow type before the sun crust formation was wet rounded grains. The heat balance during the formation of sun crust was calculated revealing the following process. Evaporation made the surface smooth and flat. Longwave radiative flux and latent heat flux cooled the snow surface, while beneath the surface, shortwave radiation was absorbed and internal melting occurred giving rise to cavities. The longwave radiation refroze some meltwater which remained within the layer near the surface, and a thin ice layer was formed.