ON THE GENERALITY OF SOME MEMORY LAWS
ON THE GENERALITY OF SOME MEMORY LAWS
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9450.1981.tb00402.x
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发表时间：
1981-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
COHEN, RL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COHEN, RL
人们已经建立了几条记忆法则，用于自由回忆单词列表。其中一些规律的普遍性进行了测试，使用的主题执行的任务（SPT）作为被召回的列表项目。SPT回忆遵循单词回忆的一条规律，即在即时自由回忆中表现出强烈的正近因效应，这似乎是由于这些事件处于暂时的高可及性状态。单词回忆和SPT回忆之间的差异是：1）与单词回忆相关的可靠的首因效应没有出现在SPT回忆中; 2）受试者报告使用单词列表的主动记忆策略，但不是SPT列表; 3）与单词回忆不同，在陈述过程中将受试者的注意力转移到所谓的SPT的深层或浅层特征并不影响他们的回忆水平。这些结果与Cohen & Stewart（1981）的发现一起被认为是SPT回忆不是年龄敏感的，这表明SPT应该被视为与单词不同的记忆事件，并且处理SPT回忆的记忆模型应该不强调编码的重要性，强调保留和检索操作。
Several memory laws have been established for the free recall of word lists. The generality of some of these laws were tested, using tasks which the subjects performed (SPTs) as to‐be‐recalled list items. SPT recall obeyed one law of word recall in showing a strong positive recency effect in immediate free recall, which appeared to be due to these events being in a temporary state of high accessibility. Differences between word and SPT recall were: 1) The reliable primacy effect associated with word recall did not appear in SPT recall; 2) Subjects reported using active memorisation strategies for word lists, but not for SPT lists; 3) Unlike word recall, diverting the subject's attention to so‐called deep or shallow features of the SPTs during presentation did not affect the level of their recall. These results considered together with Cohen & Stewart's (1981) finding that SPT recall was not age‐sensitive were taken to indicate that SPTs should be regarded as a different class of memory event than words, and that memory models dealing with SPT recall should de‐emphasize the importance of encoding, stressing instead retention, and retrieval operations.