Gender differences in economic well-being among the elderly of java
Gender differences in economic well-being among the elderly of java
复制标题
爪哇老年人经济福祉的性别差异
作者：
L. Rudkin
随着许多发展中国家人口迅速老龄化，老年人的经济依赖问题变得越来越重要。我利用 1986 年对印度尼西亚爪哇老年人进行的一项调查数据，描述了经济福祉方面的性别差异，并确定了与经济劣势相关的特征。在个人和家庭层面，老年妇女比老年男性拥有的资源更少。即使在支持类别（工作收入和汇款）内，妇女的福祉水平也较低。家庭经济福祉的性别差异主要是由于家庭结构和技能水平的差异。个人收入（来自所有来源）的性别差异更为复杂，但可以通过参考技能水平（读写能力、语言、工作技能）、当前工作状态和权威以及家庭权威方面的性别差异来更清楚地理解。
With populations aging rapidly in many developing nations, issues of economic dependency among the elderly are of increasing importance. Using data from a 1986 survey of the elderly on Java, Indonesia, I describe gender differences in economic well-being and identify characteristics associated with economic disadvantage. At both the individual and the household level, older women have fewer resources than older men. Even within categories of support (work income and remittances), women have lower levels of well-being. Gender differences in household-level economic well-being are due primarily to differences in household structure and in levels of skills. Gender differences in individual receipts (from all sources) are more complicated, but can be understood more clearly with reference to gender differences in skills levels (literacy, language, job skills), current work status and authority, and domestic authority.