Integrated Assessment of Urban Overheating Impacts on Human Life
Integrated Assessment of Urban Overheating Impacts on Human Life
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DOI：
10.1029/2022ef002682
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发表时间：
2021-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Negin Nazarian;S. Krayenhoff;B. Bechtel;D. Hondula;R. Paolini;J. Vanos;T. Cheung;Wtl Chow;R. de Dear;Ollie Jay;Jason KW Lee;A. Martilli;Ariane Middel;L. Norford;Mahsan Sadeghi;M. Santamouris;S. Schiavon
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文献类型：
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作者：
Negin Nazarian;S. Krayenhoff;B. Bechtel;D. Hondula;R. Paolini;J. Vanos;T. Cheung;Wtl Chow;R. de Dear;Ollie Jay;Jason KW Lee;A. Martilli;Ariane Middel;L. Norford;Mahsan Sadeghi;M. Santamouris;S. Schiavon
由全球气候变化和城市发展推动的城市过热是当代的一个重大挑战，对城市的宜居性和可持续性产生了重大影响。过热对个人的福祉、表现和健康以及城市的能源效率和经济都是一个多方面的威胁，它受到建筑、城市和全球气候之间复杂相互作用的影响。近几十年来，广泛的针对特定学科的研究描绘了城市高温的特征，并评估了其对人类生活的影响，包括正在进行的连接邻近学科的努力。现在的研究视野包括涉及广泛学科的复杂问题，因此需要全面和综合的评估来解决这种跨学科问题。在这里，我们的目标是超越对现有文献的回顾，而是提供对城市过热的广泛概述和综合评估，为解决对人类生活的影响定义整体路径。我们(A)详细描述不同规模和不同学科的热害和暴露的特征，(B)确定个人对城市过热增加脆弱性并在不同人口中造成不利影响的敏感性，(C)阐述个人和城市可以采取的适应能力，(D)记录城市过热对健康和能源的影响，以及(E)讨论理论和应用城市气候学、建筑环境设计和治理的前沿领域，以减少不同规模的热暴露和脆弱性。确定了未来研究和应用中最关键的挑战，既针对差距，也针对在过热评估中更大程度整合的需要。
Urban overheating, driven by global climate change and urban development, is a major contemporary challenge that substantially impacts urban livability and sustainability. Overheating represents a multifaceted threat to the well‐being, performance, and health of individuals as well as the energy efficiency and economy of cities, and it is influenced by complex interactions between building, city, and global scale climates. In recent decades, extensive discipline‐specific research has characterized urban heat and assessed its implications on human life, including ongoing efforts to bridge neighboring disciplines. The research horizon now encompasses complex problems involving a wide range of disciplines, and therefore comprehensive and integrated assessments are needed that address such interdisciplinarity. Here, our objective is to go beyond a review of existing literature and instead provide a broad overview and integrated assessments of urban overheating, defining holistic pathways for addressing the impacts on human life. We (a) detail the characterization of heat hazards and exposure across different scales and in various disciplines, (b) identify individual sensitivities to urban overheating that increase vulnerability and cause adverse impacts in different populations, (c) elaborate on adaptive capacities that individuals and cities can adopt, (d) document the impacts of urban overheating on health and energy, and (e) discuss frontiers of theoretical and applied urban climatology, built environment design, and governance toward reduction of heat exposure and vulnerability at various scales. The most critical challenges in future research and application are identified, targeting both the gaps and the need for greater integration in overheating assessments.