Polyglutamic acid from Bacillus anthracis grown in vivo; structure and aggressin activity.
Polyglutamic acid from Bacillus anthracis grown in vivo; structure and aggressin activity.
复制标题
来自体内生长的炭疽杆菌的聚谷氨酸；
作者：
H. T. Zwartouw;H. Smith
Tomesik和Szongott（1933）从炭疽杆菌中获得了一种含氮、无多糖的荚膜物质，Ivanovics和Bruckner（1937 a，B）将其鉴定为聚-D-谷氨酸。由B的强毒株形成荚膜。炭疽病的病原体是炭疽病的病原体，并且似乎与毒力的攻击性方面有关，即与病原体干扰宿主防御机制的能力有关（讨论参见Smith & Keppie，1955）。为了研究聚谷氨酸与毒力的联系，我们使用了病原体体内生长过程中产生的材料，此时必然产生负责毒力的化合物。从死于炭疽的豚鼠的血浆和渗出液的混合物中分离出包囊化的生物体（Smith、Keppie和Stanley，1953年）。然后从生物体和体液中获得聚谷氨酸的粗品（Smith，Zwartouw和HarrisSmith，1956; Smith和Gallop，1956）。这里描述了这种聚谷氨酸的纯化以及对其攻击性活性和结构的观察。已经尝试将其生物活性与某些物理化学或结构性质相关联。由聚谷氨酸引起的重要结构问题是谷氨酸残基是否通过它们的α-羧基连接（参见I）或它们的γ-羧基（参见II）或两者。
Tomesik & Szongott (1933) obtained a nitrogenous, polysaccharide-free, capsular material from BacillU anthracis which was identified by Ivanovics & Bruckner (1937a, b) as poly-D-glutamic acid. A capsule is formed by virulent strains of B. anthracis and appears to be connected with the aggressive aspect of virulence, that is, with the ability of the pathogen to interfere with the defence mechanisms of the host (for discussion, see Smith & Keppie, 1955). In order to study the connexion of polyglutamic acid with virulence, we have used material produced during growth of the pathogen in vivo when compounds responsible for virulence are necessarily produced. Capsulated organisms were separated from a mixture of plasma and exudate of guinea pigs dying of anthrax (Smith, Keppie & Stanley, 1953). Crude preparations of polyglutamic acid were then obtained from both the organisms and the body fluids (Smith, Zwartouw & HarrisSmith, 1956; Smith & Gallop, 1956). The purification of this polyglutamic acid is described here together with observations on its aggressive activity and structure. Attempts have been made to correlate its biological activity with some physicochemical or structural property. The important structural problem posed by polyglutamic acid is whether the glutamic acid residues are linked by their oc-carboxyl groups (cf. I) or their y-carboxyl groups (cf. II) or both.