Social alliances improve rank and fitness in convention-based societies
Social alliances improve rank and fitness in convention-based societies
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社会联盟提高了基于公约的社会的等级和适应性
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1810384116
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Holekamp, Kay E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Strauss, Eli D.;Holekamp, Kay E.
社会等级制度在人类和动物社会中普遍存在，个体在社会等级制度中的地位会影响其获得资源的机会和健康状况。传统上，等级是根据个人赢得战斗的能力的差异来考虑的，但许多等级是围绕诸如裙带关系继承之类的任意约定而构建的，而不是身体力量或武器大小等特征。这些以习俗为基础的社会令人困惑，因为在等级制度中的地位似乎与个人的身体能力无关，但社会地位强烈影响着获得资源和健身。人们仍然不清楚，为什么个人会遵守关于社会地位的看似武断的惯例，而他们却可以通过无视这些惯例并竞争最高职位或获得资源而受益。使用数据从野生斑点鬣狗收集超过27年和五代，我们表明，个人谁反复形成联盟与他们的顶级盟友可能会提高他们的地位，在等级制度，这表明社会联盟促进革命性的社会变革。使用终身生殖成功作为健身措施，我们继续证明，这些状态的变化可以有重大的健身后果。最后，我们表明，这些变化的后果可能会变得更加戏剧性的几代人，随着时间的推移，社会地位的微小差异变得放大。这项工作代表了调和高地位的优势与动物和人类社会中结构不平等的“任意”习俗的第一步。
Social hierarchies are widespread in human and animal societies, and an individual’s position in its hierarchy affects both its access to resources and its fitness. Hierarchies are traditionally thought of in terms of variation in individual ability to win fights, but many are structured around arbitrary conventions like nepotistic inheritance rather than such traits as physical strength or weapon size. These convention-based societies are perplexing because position in the hierarchy appears to be gained irrespective of individual physical ability, yet social status strongly affects access to resources and fitness. It remains unclear why individuals abide by seemingly arbitrary conventions regarding social status when they stand to benefit by ignoring these conventions and competing for top positions or access to resources. Using data from wild spotted hyenas collected over 27 y and five generations, we show that individuals who repeatedly form coalitions with their top allies are likely to improve their position in the hierarchy, suggesting that social alliances facilitate revolutionary social change. Using lifetime reproductive success as a fitness measure, we go on to demonstrate that these status changes can have major fitness consequences. Finally, we show that the consequences of these changes may become even more dramatic over multiple generations, as small differences in social rank become amplified over time. This work represents a first step in reconciling the advantages of high status with the appearance of “arbitrary” conventions that structure inequality in animal and human societies.
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2010.2512
发表时间：
2011
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
--
作者：
Eli M. Swanson;I. Dworkin;K. Holekamp
通讯作者：
K. Holekamp
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Sally E. Street;C. Cross;Gillian R. Brown
通讯作者：
Gillian R. Brown
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
HALEY, MP;DEUTSCH, CJ;LEBOEUF, BJ
通讯作者：
LEBOEUF, BJ