Complement Evasion Strategies of Viruses: An Overview.
Complement Evasion Strategies of Viruses: An Overview.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2017.01117
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Sahu A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Agrawal P;Nawadkar R;Ojha H;Kumar J;Sahu A
作为免疫防御的主要第一道防线，补体系统保持对病毒的持续警惕。它能够识别大量的病毒和病毒感染的细胞，并触发效应途径，导致病毒中和和感染细胞的杀伤。补体对病毒施加的这种选择压力使它们进化出多种对策。这些包括靶向识别分子以避免检测，靶向补体途径的关键酶和复合物如C3转化酶和C5 b-9形成-通过编码补体调节剂或通过募集膜结合和可溶性宿主补体调节剂，通过编码蛋白酶切割补体蛋白，以及抑制补体蛋白的合成。此外，病毒还利用补体系统来谋取自身利益。例如，它们使用补体受体以及膜调节剂进入细胞以及它们的扩散。在这里，我们提供了一个概述的补体颠覆机制所采取的各种病毒科，包括痘病毒科，疱疹病毒科，腺病毒科，黄病毒科，逆转录病毒科，小核糖核酸病毒科，星状病毒科，披膜病毒科，正粘病毒科和副粘病毒科的成员。
Being a major first line of immune defense, the complement system keeps a constant vigil against viruses. Its ability to recognize large panoply of viruses and virus-infected cells, and trigger the effector pathways, results in neutralization of viruses and killing of the infected cells. This selection pressure exerted by complement on viruses has made them evolve a multitude of countermeasures. These include targeting the recognition molecules for the avoidance of detection, targeting key enzymes and complexes of the complement pathways like C3 convertases and C5b-9 formation – either by encoding complement regulators or by recruiting membrane-bound and soluble host complement regulators, cleaving complement proteins by encoding protease, and inhibiting the synthesis of complement proteins. Additionally, viruses also exploit the complement system for their own benefit. For example, they use complement receptors as well as membrane regulators for cellular entry as well as their spread. Here, we provide an overview on the complement subversion mechanisms adopted by the members of various viral families including Poxviridae, Herpesviridae, Adenoviridae, Flaviviridae, Retroviridae, Picornaviridae, Astroviridae, Togaviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Paramyxoviridae.