Development of a Serological Assay for the Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) Anellovirus, ZcAV.
Development of a Serological Assay for the Sea Lion (Zalophus californianus) Anellovirus, ZcAV.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep09637
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发表时间：
2015-05-12
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Breitbart M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fahsbender E;Rosario K;Cannon JP;Gulland F;Dishaw LJ;Breitbart M
海洋动物中的新疾病正在以越来越快的速度出现，但方法上的限制阻碍了病毒感染的表征。病毒宏基因组学是鉴定患病动物中新型病毒的有效方法;然而，确定病毒发病机制仍然是一个挑战。最近报道了一种新的环节病毒（Zalophus californianus环节病毒，ZcAV）在参与死亡事件的圈养加州海狮的肺部。在这些动物的血液中没有通过PCR检测到ZcAV，从而无法评估ZcAV在活海狮中的流行率。本研究建立了一种酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测海狮血清中ZcAV抗体。为了评估ZcAV流行率，分别通过ELISA和PCR检测了沿着加州海岸搁浅的野生海狮的成对血清和肺样本（n = 96）。超过50%的样品通过ELISA（34%）、PCR（29%）或两者（11%）测定法检测为ZcAV阳性。ZcAV在搁浅的野生海狮种群中普遍存在，结果表明单独的PCR检测可能严重低估了ZcAV暴露。这种ELISA提供了一个工具，用于测试活海狮ZcAV暴露，并为后续的研究评估这种环节病毒的潜在致病性是有价值的。
New diseases in marine animals are emerging at an increasing rate, yet methodological limitations hinder characterization of viral infections. Viral metagenomics is an effective method for identifying novel viruses in diseased animals; however, determining virus pathogenesis remains a challenge. A novel anellovirus (Zalophus californianus anellovirus, ZcAV) was recently reported in the lungs of captive California sea lions involved in a mortality event. ZcAV was not detected by PCR in the blood of these animals, creating the inability to assess the prevalence of ZcAV in live sea lions. This study developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies to ZcAV in sea lion serum. To assess ZcAV prevalence, paired serum and lung samples (n = 96) from wild sea lions that stranded along the California coast were tested through ELISA and PCR, respectively. Over 50% of the samples tested positive for ZcAV by ELISA (34%), PCR (29%), or both (11%) assays. ZcAV is prevalent in stranded wild sea lion populations and results suggest that PCR assays alone may grossly underestimate ZcAV exposure. This ELISA provides a tool for testing live sea lions for ZcAV exposure and is valuable for subsequent studies evaluating the potential pathogenicity of this anellovirus.