Social Safety Nets Programs in Bangladesh: Preparing for Adaption to Demographic Change, Disaster, and Poverty Reduction
Social Safety Nets Programs in Bangladesh: Preparing for Adaption to Demographic Change, Disaster, and Poverty Reduction
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孟加拉国的社会安全网计划：为适应人口变化、灾害和减贫做好准备
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jamalludin Sulaiman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mohammad Abdul Hannan Pradhan;Saidatulakmal Mohd;Jamalludin Sulaiman
自过去二十年以来，孟加拉国同时经历了出生率和儿童死亡率的快速下降。由于识字率、人均收入、对生活的更多认识和更好的营养，孟加拉国的预期寿命也迅速增加。因此，不可否认，人口和预期寿命的增加对人口的人口状况产生了影响。作为一个灾害频发、人口众多、资源有限的国家，仍有很大一部分人口处于贫困和脆弱状态。为了应对这种情况，政府和非政府组织实施了一项大规模的社会安全网(SSN)计划，为目标人群提供现金、实物或两者兼而有之的赠款。本文试图对目前由政府实施的社会保障网络计划进行概述。在综合已有文献和文献的基础上，本文提出了三种社会保障转移模式：基于自然休克的转移模式、基于极端贫困的转移模式和基于年龄的转移模式。报告的结论是，随着一年来老年人人数的增加，基于年龄的转移的覆盖面和金额需要优先增加。报告还得出结论，对于极端贫困的减贫，可以修改作为其他两种转移模式最后手段的惠益的覆盖面和数额。关键词：社会安全网、人口变化、脆弱性、老年人和贫困
From the last two decades, Bangladesh has experienced a rapid decline in birth rate and childhood mortality rate simultaneously. Due to increase in literacy rate, per capita income, more awareness about life, and better nutrition, life expectancy has also increased rapidly in Bangladesh. As a result, the increase in population and life expectancy undeniably has an impact on the demographic profile of the population. As a disaster prone and large populated country with limited resources, a big share of population is still poor and vulnerable. To tackle the situation a large scale social safety net (SSN) programs with grants cash, in-kind or both for targeted people have been implementing by the government and non-government organization. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of the current SSN program implemented by the government. Considering existing literature and document, this paper identifies three models of SSN transfers: natural shocked-based, extreme poverty-based and age-based transfers model. It concludes that coverage and amount of age-based transfer need to increase at priority basis as the number of elderly increases over the year. It also concludes that for extreme poverty reduction the coverage and amount of benefit as last resort of other two transfer models can be revised. Keywords: social safety nets, demographic change, vulnerability, elderly, and poverty