Winter warming is ecologically more relevant than summer warming in a cool-temperate grassland
Winter warming is ecologically more relevant than summer warming in a cool-temperate grassland
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-019-51221-w
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发表时间：
2019-10
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
J. Kreyling;Kerstin Grant;V. Hammerl;Mohammed A. S. Arfin‐Khan;Andrey V Malyshev;J. Peñuelas;K. Pritsch;J. Sardans;M. Schloter;Jan Schuerings;A. Jentsch;C. Beierkuhnlein
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Kreyling;Kerstin Grant;V. Hammerl;Mohammed A. S. Arfin‐Khan;Andrey V Malyshev;J. Peñuelas;K. Pritsch;J. Sardans;M. Schloter;Jan Schuerings;A. Jentsch;C. Beierkuhnlein
气候变化影响所有季节，但在中高纬度地区，冬季变暖比夏季更明显。冬季变暖会产生深远的生态影响，很少与夏季变暖的影响相比，而且因果关系的解释还没有很好地建立起来。我们在德国半自然的冷温带草原上进行了为期四年的冬季和夏季温和的地面红外增温比较。冬季增暖后地上植物生物量增加（+18%），夏季增暖不影响地上植物生物量。冬季增暖对植物群落组成的影响大于夏季增暖，有利于生产性物种。冬季变暖比夏季变暖更能增加土壤呼吸。生长季节的延长和植物群落组成的变化是地上生物量增加的主要原因。冬季变暖刺激了生态过程，尽管在极端寒冷的时期，变暖减少了雪提供的隔热作用，对植物根系和微生物造成了霜冻损害。因此，除了这种间歇性霜冻之外，未来的变暖可能进一步加剧冬季变暖对生态过程的加速效应。
Climate change affects all seasons, but warming is more pronounced in winter than summer at mid- and high latitudes. Winter warming can have profound ecological effects, which are rarely compared to the effects of summer warming, and causal explanations are not well established. We compared mild aboveground infrared warming in winter to warming in summer in a semi-natural, cool-temperate grassland in Germany for four years. Aboveground plant biomass increased following winter warming (+18%) and was unaffected by summer warming. Winter warming affected the composition of the plant community more than summer warming, favoring productive species. Winter warming increased soil respiration more than summer warming. Prolonged growing seasons and changes in plant-community composition accounted for the increased aboveground biomass production. Winter warming stimulated ecological processes, despite causing frost damage to plant roots and microorganisms during an extremely cold period when warming reduced the thermal insulation provided by snow. Future warming beyond such intermittent frosts may therefore further increase the accelerating effects of winter warming on ecological processes.