The Ethical Superiority and Inevitability of Participatory Management as an Organizational System
The Ethical Superiority and Inevitability of Participatory Management as an Organizational System
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参与式管理作为组织体系的道德优越性和必然性
DOI：
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发表时间：
1997
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Denis Collins
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Denis Collins
在 20 世纪 60 年代令人兴奋的革命时期，Slater 和 Bennis（Slater, P. E., W. G. Bennis. 1964. 民主是不可避免的。Harvard Bus. Rev. 42 (2) 51--59.）宣称工作场所民主是不可避免的。二十五年后，回顾那篇文章，作者声称他们是对的（Slater 和 Bennis [Slater, P. E., W. G. Bennis. 1990. 民主是不可避免的。Harvard Bus. Rev. 68 (5) 167--176.]）。不幸的是，数据并不支持他们的主张（Lawler 等人 [Lawler, E. E., S. A. Mohrman, G. E. Ledford. 1992. 员工参与和全面质量管理。Jossey-Bass Publishers, 旧金山]）。尽管如此，工作场所民主是不可避免的。本文主张参与式管理是工作场所民主的一种形式，它与构成美国政治安排（民主）和经济安排（混合经济）形式基础的人性社会哲学假设相一致。这些社群主义哲学假设在政治科学和经济学文献中已被彻底论证，在伦理上优于作为威权主义和自由主义基础的其他社会哲学假设。目前，组织理论大约比该文献落后 200 年。在民主和资本主义的社会哲学假设中，由于“自由”的中心地位而获得巨大利益的人往往会设计出严重限制员工自由的组织体系。当前对更多民主特征的推动来自于致力于企业文化、全面质量管理、收益分享和其他鼓励权力下放的管理体系的组织理论家，以及致力于组织的社会责任研究的商业道德学者。工作场所民主的发展速度非常缓慢，主要归因于权力精英的核心作用。尽管美国的政治和经济革命者来自他们那个时代的权力精英，但工作场所民主倡导者的情况却并非如此。
During the heady revolutionary days of the 1960s, Slater and Bennis (Slater, P. E., W. G. Bennis. 1964. Democracy is inevitable. Harvard Bus. Rev. 42 (2) 51--59.) declared the inevitability of democracy at the workplace. Twenty-five years later, in a retrospection of that article, the authors claimed that they were right (Slater and Bennis [Slater, P. E., W. G. Bennis. 1990. Democracy is inevitable. Harvard Bus. Rev. 68 (5) 167--176.]). Unfortunately, the data do not support their claim (Lawler et al. [Lawler, E. E., S. A. Mohrman, G. E. Ledford. 1992. Employee Involvement and Total Quality Management . Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.]). Nonetheless, workplace democracy is inevitable.This article argues in favor of the inevitability of participatory management, one form of workplace democracy, on the basis of its coherence to the social philosophical assumptions about human nature that underlie the forms of political arrangements (democracy) and economic arrangements (mixed economy) in the United States. These communitarian philosophical assumptions have been thoroughly argued in the political science and economic literature to be ethically superior to other sets of social philosophical assumptions that underlie authoritarianism and libertarianism. Currently, organization theory is approximately 200 years behind this literature. Persons who experience significant benefits as a result of the central position of “liberty” in the social philosophical assumptions of democracy and capitalism tend to design organizational systems that significantly restrict the liberty of their employees.The current push for more democratic features is coming from organization theorists doing work on corporate culture, total quality management, gainsharing, and other systems of management that encourage decentralization, and from business ethics scholars doing work on the societal accountability of organizations. The very slow rate of evolution to workplace democracy is primarily attributed to the central role of the power elite. Whereas the American political and economic revolutionaries came from within the power elite of their times that is not yet the case for workplace democracy advocates.