Mammalian telomeres resemble fragile sites and require TRF1 for efficient replication.

Mammalian telomeres resemble fragile sites and require TRF1 for efficient replication.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2009.06.021
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发表时间:
2009-07-10
期刊:
影响因子:
64.5
通讯作者:
de Lange T
de Lange T
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sfeir A;Kosiyatrakul ST;Hockemeyer D;MacRae SL;Karlseder J;Schildkraut CL;de Lange T

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哺乳动物的端粒与谢尔特林有关,这是一种端粒特异的蛋白质复合体,可以解决末端保护问题。TTAGGG重复序列是由端粒酶维持端粒保护性结合位点,从而解决了末端复制问题。我们报告说,人类和小鼠端粒的TTAGGG重复阵列挑战DNA复制机制,导致复制依赖的缺陷,类似于aphidiclin诱导的常见脆性部位的缺陷。条件性基因缺失实验表明,端粒DNA的有效复制需要掩蔽素成分TRF1。在没有TRF1的情况下,端粒在S期激活ATR激酶,并在中期表现为脆性部位表型。SMARD表明,TRF1促进了TTAGGG重复的有效复制,并防止了叉子失速。需要两种能够去除G4DNA结构的解旋酶BLM和RTEL1来抑制脆性端粒表型。这些结果确定了第二个端粒复制问题,该问题由保护素组件TRF1解决。
Mammalian telomeres are associated with shelterin, the telomere specific protein complex that solves the end-protection problem. The telomeric shelterin binding sites, TTAGGG repeats, are maintained by telomerase, which solves the end-replication problem. We report that the TTAGGG repeat arrays of human and mouse telomeres challenge the DNA replication machinery, giving rise to replication-dependent defects that resemble those of the aphidicolin-induced common fragile sites. Conditional gene deletion experiments showed that efficient duplication of telomeric DNA requires the shelterin component TRF1. In the absence of TRF1, telomeres activate the ATR kinase in S phase and show a fragile site phenotype in metaphase. SMARD showed that TRF1 promotes efficient replication of TTAGGG repeats and prevents fork stalling. Two helicases that can remove G4 DNA structures, BLM and RTEL1, were required to repress the fragile telomere phenotype. These results identify a second telomere replication problem that is solved by the shelterin component TRF1.
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