"Science was digging its own grave": the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the campaign against chemical and biological warfare
"Science was digging its own grave": the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom and the campaign against chemical and biological warfare
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“科学正在自掘坟墓”：国际妇女和平与自由联盟和反对化学和生物战的运动
DOI：
10.1080/10736700.2020.1838703
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Balmer B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balmer B
国际妇女和平与自由联盟（WILPF）是世界上最古老的活跃妇女和平组织。尽管他们的总体目标是废除一切战争，但他们从一开始就明确反对化学战。后来，这成为反对化学和生物战（CBW）的呼吁。本文利用档案文件来追溯这段历史，重点关注 WILPF 的早期，以及 20 世纪 60 年代末和 1970 年代初对该主题重新燃起的兴趣。虽然早期的 WILPF 并未将 CBW 定义为与女性有任何特殊性别相关性的问题，但历史记录显示 WILPF 强调其在组织反对派方面的主导作用。它还显示了方法的一致性，WILPF 经常以教育的身份发挥作用，作为有关 CBW 恐怖的公众舆论的通报者。随着时间的推移，WILPF 的角色发生了变化，反对 CBW 的关键运动的领导人开始认为他们的角色与科学家的角色不同。
The Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) is the oldest active women’s peace organization in the world. Although their overall aim is the abolition of all war, from the outset they voiced particular opposition to chemical warfare. Later, this became a call against both chemical and biological warfare (CBW). This article draws on archival documents to trace this history, concentrating on the early days of WILPF and then on revived interest in the topic during the late 1960s and early 1970s. While early WILPF did not define CBW as an issue with any special gendered relevance for women, the historical record shows WILPF placed emphasis on its leading role in organizing opposition. It also shows a consistency of approach, WILPF often acting in an educational capacity as an informer of public opinion about the horrors of CBW. Over time, WILPF’s role changed in that the leaders of the key campaigns against CBW came to regard their role as distinct from those of scientists.